Association Between Ambient Volatile Organic Compounds and Hospital Admissions and Visits Due to Atopic Dermatitis and Asthma in Individuals Under the Age of 19 in Seoul

Abstract

Background: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a group of chemicals widely emitted from both anthropogenic and natural sources, contributing to air pollution and posing significant health risks. This study focuses on the short-term effects of ambient VOC mixtures on atopic dermatitis (AD) and asthma among individuals under the age of 19 in Seoul, South Korea. The research also aims to quantify the health and economic burdens associated with VOC exposure. Methods: This study utilized data from 2015 to 2019, integrating daily hospital admission records for AD and asthma with ambient VOC concentration data from Seoul’s monitoring stations. The analysis employed Generalized Additive Models (GAM), Weighted Quantile Sum Regression (WQSR), and Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) to assess both individual and combined effects of VOCs. Population Attributable Fractions (PAFs) and economic costs were estimated to evaluate the health burden of VOC exposure. Results: The study identified significant associations between VOC exposure and increased hospital admissions for AD and asthma. Methylcyclopentane emerged as a key contributor to adverse health outcomes within the branched or cyclo-alkanes group. The combined effects of VOC mixtures were more pronounced compared to individual substances, highlighting the impact of chemical interactions. PAF analysis revealed that VOC exposure accounts for a measurable fraction of AD and asthma cases, with associated economic costs reflecting substantial healthcare burdens. Conclusion: This research underscores the importance of addressing ambient VOC exposure, particularly among vulnerable populations such as children. Findings suggest that reducing emissions of key VOCs, including methylcyclopentane, could mitigate health risks and lower the burden of allergic diseases. The study provides a scientific foundation for targeted public health interventions and policy development to regulate harmful VOC emissions.