Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Prediction Models in China, Japan, and Korea Implications for East Asians?

Abstract

The management of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in the United States is currently based upon large epidemiological studies in primarily non-Hispanic White subjects. Although this strategy provides a uniform approach that is simpler to implement, it may result in inappropriately targeting certain Asian populations for treatment based on inaccurate ASCVD risk estimation. In this state-of-the-art review, we detail the similarities and differences in the prevalence of ASCVD and its risk factors among Chinese, Japanese, and Korean people living in the United States and in their native countries. We highlight the limitations of current risk calculators when applied to East Asian immigrants and summarize risk stratification approaches in China, Japan, and Korea. Our review underscores the need to disaggregate registry, cohort, and clinical trial data by East Asian subgroups, to actively engage these populations in research, and to initiate studies to better define ASCVD risk in East Asian people living in the United States. (JACC Asia. 2025;5:333-349) (c) 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier on behalf of the American College of Cardiology Foundation. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).