Cardiac and kidney outcomes after sacubitril-valsartan therapy: recovery of cardiac function relative to kidney function decline

Abstract

Background: Sacubitril-valsartan reduces the risk of cardiovascular mortality among patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). However, its long-term protective effects on cardiac function with concurrent acute kidney injury (AKI) remain unclear. This study investigated the recovery of cardiac function relative to kidney function decline. Methods: A total of 512 patients with HFrEF who started sacubitril-valsartan or valsartan treatment were enrolled in cohort 1. Additionally, patients who experienced AKI and underwent follow-up transthoracic echocardiography were enrolled in cohort 2. In cohort 1, short- and long-term kidney outcomes were analyzed. For cohort 2, changes in cardiac function in relation to changes in kidney function after drug initiation were analyzed. Results: The mean age of the patients was 68.3 +/- 15.1 years, and 57.4% of the patients were male. AKI occurred in 15.9% of the sacubitril-valsartan group and 12.5% of the valsartan group. After AKI, 78.4% of patients in the sacubitril-valsartan group and 71.4% of those in the valsartan group underwent recovery. Furthermore, cardiovascular outcomes in patients who developed AKI after drug initiation were analyzed in cohort 2. The sacubitril-valsartan group showed a greater improvement in cardiac function compared with the valsartan group (12.4% +/- 15.4% vs. 1.4% +/- 5.7%, p = 0.046). The ratio of deltas of cardiac and kidney function in the sacubitril-valsartan and valsartan groups were -1.76 +/- 2.58 and -0.20 +/- 0.58, respectively (p = 0.03). Conclusion: Patients with HFrEF treated with sacubitril-valsartan exhibited significant improvements in cardiovascular outcomes despite AKI.