Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery: Past, Present, and Future

Abstract

Study Design: Review article. Objectives: To introduce the past and present of minimally invasive spine surgery, as well as future developments. Summary of Literature Review: Spine surgery has evolved into a minimally invasive surgical procedure that requires skin incisions that are as small as possible. This has become a topic of interest for both patients and doctors, as it not only solves cosmetic problems by reducing skin incisions, but also reduces postoperative pain and complications by preserving as much normal tissue as possible while reducing blood loss, shortens the recovery period, and facilitates the return to normal life. At the same time, the surgical instruments required for minimally invasive surgery are being actively developed. Materials and Methods: Review of the relevant articles Results: The history of minimally invasive techniques is well described in the evolution of the surgical treatment of lumbar disc herniation. Minimally invasive lumbar discectomy began in the early 20th century, and many advances were made with the development of microscopes and tubular retractors. The development of endoscopes also led to the popularization and use of minimally invasive surgery. Minimally invasive surgery is also used in the thoracic and cervical spine, but many advances remain to be made in the lumbar spine. More recently, technologies such as navigation, robotics, and augmented reality have been developed and are helping to improve the safety of minimally invasive spine surgery. Conclusions: Minimally invasive spine surgery is rapidly evolving with recent technological advances. Advances in technology are expected to compensate for the limitations of minimally invasive surgery, and it is likely to become an alternative to traditional surgery for a variety of spinal diseases.