High pretransplant FGF23 level is associated with persistent vitamin D insufficiency and poor graft survival in kidney transplant patients

Abstract

Vitamin D-3 (25[OH]D-3) insufficiency and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) elevation are usually attenuated after kidney transplantation (KT). However, elevated FGF23 may be associated with poor graft outcomes and vitamin D insufficiency after KT. This study investigated the effect of pretransplant FGF23 levels on post-KT 25(OH)D-3 status and graft outcomes. Serum FGF23 levels from 400 participants of the KoreaN Cohort Study for Outcome in Patients With Kidney Transplantation were measured. Annual serum 25(OH)D-3 levels, all-cause mortality, cardiovascular event, and graft survival were assessed according to baseline FGF23 levels. Serum 25(OH)D-3 levels were initially increased 1 year after KT (12.6 +/- 7.4 vs. 22.6 +/- 6.4 ng/mL). However, the prevalence of post-KT vitamin D deficiency increased again after post-KT 3 years (79.1% at baseline, 30.8% and 37.8% at 3 and 6 years, respectively). Serum FGF23 level was decreased 3 years post-KT. When participants were categorized into tertiles according to baseline FGF23 level (low, middle, high), 25(OH)D-3 level in the low FGF23 group was persistently low at a median follow-up of 8.3 years. Furthermore, high baseline FGF23 level was a risk factor for poor graft survival (HR 5.882, 95% C.I.; 1.443-23.976, P=0.013). Elevated FGF23 levels are associated with persistently low post-transplant vitamin D levels and poor graft survival.