Effects of Physical Activity Interventions on Health Outcomes among Older Adults Living with HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

There is a lack of evidence regarding the effects of exercise on older individuals living with HIV. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined previous studies on physical activity interventions for people living with HIV aged >= 50 years. The effectiveness of the interventions on various physical and psychological health outcomes was evaluated. Databases used for this review included PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library CENTRAL. Twelve randomized controlled trials on physical activity interventions for people >= 50 years and living with HIV were included. Standardized mean differences were calculated using random-effect models. All effect sizes were expressed using Cohen's d values and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Physical activity interventions had a significant effect on walking capacity (Cohen's d: 0.467; 95% CI [0.069, 0.865]). The effect sizes on cardiorespiratory fitness, weight, and health-related quality of life were not significant. These findings suggest that physical activity interventions for people living with HIV aged >= 50 years are effective for the improvement of walking capacity. Further larger and higher-quality studies are required to determine the full effects of physical activity interventions on various health outcomes among older adults with HIV.