Photobiomodulation-Based Synergic Effects of Pt-Coated TiO2 Nanotubes and 850 nm Near-Infrared Irradiation on the Osseointegration Enhancement: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation

Abstract

Abstract: Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy is known to have the potential to improve bone regeneration

after implant surgery. However, the combinatory effect of the nanotextured implant and PBM

therapy on osseointegration has not yet been proved. This study evaluated the photobiomodulationbased

synergistic effects of Pt-coated titania nanotubes (Pt-TiO2 NT) and 850 nm near-infrared (NIR)

light on osteogenic performance in vitro and in vivo. The FE-SEM and the diffuse UV-Vis-NIR

spectrophotometer were used to perform the surface characterization. The live-dead, MTT, ALP,

and AR assays were tested to perform in vitro tests. The removal torque testing, the 3D-micro CT,

and the histological analysis were used to conduct in vivo tests. The live-dead and MTT assay

resulted in Pt-TiO2 NTs being biocompatible. The ALP activity and AR assays demonstrated that

the combination of Pt-TiO2 NT and NIR irradiation significantly enhanced osteogenic functionality

(p < 0.05). The results of in vivo test, employing the removal torque testing, the 3D-micro CT, and

histological analysis, showed overall improved outcomes; however, no significant difference was

observed between the control and experimental groups (p > 0.05). Therefore, we confirmed the

possibility of the combination of Pt-TiO2 NT and NIR light as a promising technology for implant

surgery in dentistry.