Predictors of Blood Loss During Orthognathic Surgery and the Need for Pre-Deposit Autologous Blood Donation

Abstract

The aim of this study was to identify the clinicolaboratory predictors of relative blood loss (RBL) during orthognathic surgery and determine the need for predeposit autologous blood donation (PABD) for the surgery. Using a retrospective study design, 297 patients who underwent bimaxillary orthognathic surgery between 2016 and 2020 were enrolled. To investigate patient-specific risk factors, we calculated the allowable blood loss (ABL) for each patient and RBL as the ratio of estimated intraoperative blood loss (EiBL) to ABL. The correlations between the clinico-laboratory variables and EiBL and RBL were analyzed using stepwise multivariate regression analysis, and independent t test and one-way ANOVA were performed.

There was no significant difference in transfusion rate between the PABD group (N = 202/279) and non-PABD group (N = 77/279) (P= 0.052). Sex (P< 0.001), body mass index class (P= 0.001), operative time (P < 0.001), and baseline hematocrit (P < 0.001) were significant predictors of EIBL and RBL. EIBL exceeded ABL in only 2 patients. The significant factors of RBL in orthognathic surgery were hematocrit, body mass index, and operative time. Clinicians should be more careful about bleeding in patients with low baseline hematocrit level or high body mass index, or those expected to undergo prolonged surgeries owing to a complicated surgical plan. The need for PABD before orthognathic surgery is low.