Impact of abdominal obesity on outcomes of catheter ablation in Korean patients with atrial fibrillation

Abstract

Background: Effects of abdominal obesity on outcomes of atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation remains ill-defined. Here, we evaluated the impact of abdominal obesity on the long-term efficacy and safety of catheter AF ablation among Korean patients. Methods: We utilised the Korean National Health Insurance Service database to identify patients who underwent AF ablation. Abdominal obesity was defined as waist circumference ≥90 cm (males) and ≥85 cm (females). The primary endpoint was AF recurrence and secondary endpoints were ischaemic stroke, intracranial haemorrhage and death. Additionally, safety endpoints of peri-procedural complications were studied.

Results: Among 5397 patients (median age 58 [IQR 51-65] years; 23.6% females), abdominal obesity was present in 1759 (32.6%). The rate of AF recurrence was not statistically different between the groups at 1-year (10.3 vs 8.7 events/100-PYs, P = .078), though abdominal obesity was associated with significantly higher rates of AF recurrence at 3-year (7.6 vs 6.3 events/100-PYs, P = .008) and 6-year (6.3 vs 5.2 events/100-PYs, P = .004) follow-ups. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis found significantly higher rates of AF recurrence in patients with obesity based on body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (log-rank for trend P = .006). Using multivariable regression analysis, obesity by both BMI and waist circumference was an independent predictor for AF recurrence (HR 1.21 [95% CI, 1.05-1.40]), after accounting for other risk factors. There was a trend for increased rates of ischaemic stroke at 3-year and 6-year follow-ups in patients with abdominal obesity. Furthermore, this group of patients had a greater rate of intracranial haemorrhage. All-cause death was comparable between both groups. Total peri-procedural complications were not associated with abdominal obesity. Conclusion: Abdominal obesity as indicated by waist circumference was associated with a greater burden of concomitant diseases and an independent risk factor for long-term redo AF intervention following catheter ablation but had no effects on total peri-procedural complications.