Long-term Outcomes of Direct Endoscopic Necrosectomy for Complicated or Symptomatic Walled-Off Necrosis: A Korean Multicenter Study

Abstract

Background/Aims: The endoscopic step-up approach is accepted as the preferred treatment for complicated or symptomatic walled-off necrosis (WON). Direct endoscopic necrosectomy (DEN) is an effective therapeutic option, but few reports describe long-term follow-up in this patient population. Thus, we aim to assess the long-term outcomes of DEN following severe necrotizing pancreatitis. Methods: The data of all acute pancreatitis patients who underwent DEN following endoscopic transmural drainage from six referral centers between 2007 and 2017 were retrospectively collected. Results: Sixty patients (76.7% male, mean age 48.3 years) underwent a median of 4 sessions of DEN starting at a median of 45.5 days after the onset of acute pancreatitis. Clinical success was achieved in 51 patients (85%), with a 35% complication rate and a 5% mortality rate. Using multivariate analysis, the risk factor associated with DEN failure or major DEN complications requiring intervention or surgery was an identified bacterial/fungal WON infection (odds ratio, 19.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.5 to 261.7). During the median follow-up period of 27 months, complicated WON recurrence was observed in 5.3% of patients, and long-term complications occurred in 24.6% of patients (four exocrine insufficiency, nine newly developed diabetes mellitus, one recurrent small bowel obstruction, one chylous ascites). Conclusions: Considering that long-term complications are similar to those observed after pancreatectomy, DEN should be performed meticulously while minimizing damage to the viable pancreatic parenchyma with adequate antibiotic escalation. (Gut Liver, Published online March 31, 2021)