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Impact of changing the maximum out-of-pocket amount on the health expenditure burden for low-income population in South Korea

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dc.contributor.author이현지-
dc.date.accessioned2021-11-18T02:23:43Z-
dc.date.available2021-11-18T02:23:43Z-
dc.date.issued2021-08-
dc.identifier.urihttps://ir.ymlib.yonsei.ac.kr/handle/22282913/185575-
dc.description.abstractBackground: Since 2014, the maximum out-of-pocket (MOOP) amount has been improved to reduce the burden of health expenditure for the low-income population. Consequent to the subdivision from three sections to seven sections, based on the insurance premium income deciles, and the adjustment of the MOOP amount for each section, the MOOP amount for the low-income population was reduced. This study aims to analyze the changes in the burden of health expenditure and health utilization of the low-income population following the adjustment of the MOOP amount. Methods: This study used the National Health Insurance Services sample cohort data to examine the adults in the first to fifth income deciles of insurance premium for each year from 2009 to 2015. Among the study participants, the first to third deciles with reduced MOOP were set as the treatment group, and the fourth to fifth deciles with no change in the MOOP were set as the control group. The primary dependent variables were net-out-of-pocket expenses (net-OOPs), the estimated burden of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE), and total health expenditure for covered services. The study model used was segmented regression with difference-in-differences (DID), and it was investigated by focusing on the interaction terms of the treatment group and the control group before and after the implementation of the system. Analysis of secondary dependent variables, subgroup analysis, and sensitivity analysis with stabilized inverse probability treatment weight were also performed. The generalized estimation equation model was used as a statistical analysis method. Results: The reduction of the MOOP amount was related to a decline in the burden of health expenditure of the low-income population. Consequently, the DID analysis results showed the reduction of the MOOP amount was associated with a decrease in the net-OOPs of the treatment group and a decrease in the expected burden of CHE (EXP(β)= 0.97, p<.0001; EXP(β)= 0.91, p<.0001, respectively). The total health expenditure for covered services tended to decrease, but it was not statistically significant (EXP(β)=0.98, p=0.0976). Subsequent to the subgroup analysis, the estimated burden of CHE and total health expenditure for covered services in the group with high Charlson comorbidity index and cancer patients tended to increase immediately after the system implementation, and had a decreasing trend thereafter. The sensitivity analysis results were similar to the main analysis results. Conclusions: The reduction of the MOOP amount reduced the burden of health expenditure without affecting the health utilization by the low-income population. Based on the results of this study, it can be stated that the downward adjustment of the MOOP amount worked for its purpose. However, there is a need to evaluate long-term effects on health expenditure for cancer patients and for those with severe illness. The results of this study may serve as a reference for system related to OOPs, including the MOOP. Furthermore, it is recommended that future evidence be presented to improve financial accessibility of health in low-income population. 서론: 2014년부터 저소득층의 의료비 부담 경감을 목적으로 본인부담상한제가 개선되었다. 보험료 소득 분위 기준3구간으로 구분하던 상한액을 7구간으로 세분화하며 조정하여 저소득층의 상한액은 하향 조정되었다. 이 연구는 본인부담상한제의 상한액 조정에 따른 저소득층의 의료비 부담과 의료이용의 변화를 분석하고자 한다. 연구방법: 이 연구는 국민건강보험공단 표본코호트 자료를 활용하여 2009~2015년간 각 연도별 보험료 소득 분위 10분위 중 1~5분위의 성인을 연구대상자로 한다. 이 중 상한액이 하향된 1~3분위는 실험군으로, 상한액의 변동이 없던 4~5분위는 비교군으로 설정했다. 주요 종속변수는 순-급여본인부담금, 재난적의료비 예측 부담률, 총 급여본인부담금이다. 연구분석 모델은 Segmented regression with difference-in-differences (DID)로 제도 시행 전후 실험군과 비교군의 교호작용항을 중심으로 확인했다. 추가 종속변수에 대한 분석, 하위 그룹 분석, 대상자에 연도별 Stabilized inverse probability treatment weight를 적용한 민감도 분석을 추가로 수행했다. 통계분석 방법으로 Generalized estimation equation model을 활용했다. 연구결과: 본인부담상한액 하향 조정은 저소득층의 의료비 부담 경감과 관련 있었다. DID분석 결과 상한액 하향 조정은 소득 1~3분위의 순 본인부담금액 감소, 재난적의료비 예측 부담률 감소와 관련이 있었다 (순 급여본인부담금액: EXP(β)= 0.97, p<.0001; 재난적의료비 예측 부담률 EXP(β)= 0.91, p<.0001). 총 급여본인부담금은 감소하는 경향이었으나 통계적 유의성이 적었다 (EXP(β)= 0.98, p=0.0976). 하위 그룹 분석 결과, 동반질환 중증도가 높은 군과 암환자에서 재난적의료비 예측 부담률과 총 급여본인부담금이 시행 직후 증가하고 이후 감소하는 경향이 있었다. 민감도 분석 결과는 주요 분석결과와 유사했다. 결론: 본인부담상한제의 상한액 하향조정은 저소득층의 의료이용에 영향을 주지 않으면서 의료비 부담을 경감했다. 이 연구 결과를 바탕으로 본인부담상한액의 하향 조정은 목적에 맞게 작동했다고 평가할 수 있다. 하지만 암환자 및 중증 질환자의 제도 시행 직후 의료비는 증가하고 이후 감소 추세를 보여 장기적인 효과 평가의 필요성이 있다. 이 연구 결과가 본인부담상한제를 포함한 본인부담금 관련 제도의 참고자료가 되길 바라며 추후 발전적인 근거들이 제시되어 의료이용에 대한 저소득층의 경제적 접근성이 향상되길 기대한다.-
dc.description.statementOfResponsibilityopen-
dc.publisher연세대학교-
dc.rightsCC BY-NC-ND 2.0 KR-
dc.titleImpact of changing the maximum out-of-pocket amount on the health expenditure burden for low-income population in South Korea-
dc.title.alternative본인부담상한제의 상한액 변화가 저소득층의 의료비 부담에 미치는 영향-
dc.typeThesis-
dc.contributor.collegeCollege of Medicine (의과대학)-
dc.contributor.departmentOthers (기타)-
dc.description.degree박사-
dc.contributor.alternativeNameLee, Hyeon Ji-
dc.type.localDissertation-
Appears in Collections:
1. College of Medicine (의과대학) > Others (기타) > 3. Dissertation

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