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Abstract

Headache is one of the most common complaints among patients presenting to an outpatient neurological practice. The evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of headache can be challenging even for the experienced neurologist. The first step that a physician must keep in mind when seeing the headache patient is to differentiate primary headache and secondary headache, although the latter is relatively small in number, but it needs thoughtful investigation and sometimes emergent management. After ruling out the secondary headache, the physician should make a correct diagnosis of primary headache that can be encountered in most clinical practices according to the “The International Headache Society’s International Classification of Headache Disorders 2nd Edition (ICHD-2)”, and appropriate treatment. In this article, the author review some of the essential factors that are part of headache evaluation, warning signs and investigation plan of secondary headache disorders. Then I will address a brief review on the diagnosis of primary headache disorders and treatment strategies of the more common primary headache disorders focusing on migraine, tension-type headache, and chronic daily headache.