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Air pollution and unintentional injury deaths in South Korea

Authors
 Kyoung Hwa Ha  ;  Jaelim Cho  ;  Seong-Kyung Cho  ;  Changsoo Kim  ;  Dong Chun Shin 
Citation
 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH, Vol.22(10) : 7873-7881, 2015 
Journal Title
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
ISSN
 0944-1344 
Issue Date
2015
MeSH
Adult ; Aged ; Air Pollutants/analysis ; Air Pollution/adverse effects* ; Air Pollution/analysis ; Cross-Over Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nitrogen Dioxide/analysis ; Ozone/analysis ; Particulate Matter/analysis ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Seasons ; Sulfur Dioxide/analysis ; Time Factors ; Wounds and Injuries/epidemiology ; Wounds and Injuries/mortality*
Keywords
Air pollution ; Carbon monoxide ; Nitrogen dioxide ; Ozone ; Particulate matter ; South Korea ; Sulfur dioxide ; Unintentional injury death
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the association between exposure to air pollution and unintentional injury deaths in South Korea. Data regarding all unintentional injury deaths (17,566) in seven metropolitan cities from 2002 to 2008 were collected. Using a time-stratified case-crossover study, conditional logistic regression and subgroup analyses were performed after stratification by age, gender, and season. To evaluate immediate and delayed effects of air pollutants, we used both single lag and distributed lag models. The risk was expressed as an odds ratio (OR) per one interquartile range (IQR) of each air pollutant. During the study period, the median (IQR) levels of air pollutants were 0.005 (0.004-0.007) ppm for sulfur dioxide (SO₂), 0.02 (0.02-0.03) ppm for nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), 0.03 (0.02-0.04) ppm for ozone (O₃), 48.3 (34.9-67.0) μg/m(3) for particulate matter ≤10 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM₁₀), and 0.36 (0.1-0.6) ppm for carbon monoxide (CO). All air pollutants, with the exception of PM₁₀ and O₃, were significantly associated with an increased risk of unintentional injury deaths; the maximum risk was observed in the distributed lag 1 model for SO₂ (OR, 1.119; 95% confidence interval, 1.022-1.226), NO₂ (1.208; 1.043-1.400), and CO (1.012; 1.000-1.024). After stratification of the subjects by age, SO₂, NO₂, and CO were significantly associated with increased risk of unintentional injury deaths among subjects aged 60 years or older in the distributed lag 1 model, while O₃ and PM₁₀ were associated with increased risk among subjects aged 40 to 59 years. However, in subjects younger than 40 years of age, we found no significant associations for any of the air pollutants. Our study suggested evidence for a short-term association between air pollutants and unintentional injury deaths, even at low pollutants levels.
Full Text
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11356-015-4101-y
DOI
10.1007/s11356-015-4101-y
Appears in Collections:
1. College of Medicine (의과대학) > Dept. of Preventive Medicine (예방의학교실) > 1. Journal Papers
Yonsei Authors
Kim, Chang Soo(김창수) ORCID logo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5940-5649
Shin, Dong Chun(신동천) ORCID logo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4252-2280
URI
https://ir.ymlib.yonsei.ac.kr/handle/22282913/140165
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