사료공장내 바이오에어로졸의 분포와 동정에 관한 연구

Abstract

[한글]사료공장 근로자의 바이오에어로졸에 의한 건강장애를 조사하기 위하여사료공장의 공기를 six-stage viable particulate cascade impactor로 포집하여 실내공기질의 오염지표인 이산화탄소와 온도․습도를 동시에 측정하고, 부유세균과 진균의 장소별 분포와 농도, 입자크기를 조사하여 비교지점인 실외와 비교하였다. 또한 동정실험을 통하여 감염성 세균의 존재유무를 확인하였다.실내공기 오염지표인 습도와 CO₂는 곡분공정에서 모두 높았고, 평균 세균, 평균 진균의 농도도 높아서 물리적, 환경적 요인이 바이오에어로졸과 관련성이 있음을 알 수 있다.배양된 세균은 8종으로 Staphylococcus 315균주, Micrococcus 190균주, Bacillus 112균주, Corynebacterium 52균주, Streptococcus 10균주, Enterococcus 9균주, 기타 12균주 등이 배양되었다. 펠렛공정에서 부유세균의 평균 농도는 226 cfu/㎥이고, 호흡성 크기 (5 ㎛)의 부유세균의 평균 농도는 190 cfu/㎥였다. 곡분공정에서 부유세균의 평균 농도는 396 cfu/㎥이고, 호흡성 크기의 부유세균의 평균 농도는 291 cfu/㎥였다.진균의 종류로는 4종으로 Cladosporium이 198균주, Penicillium이 163균주, Aspergillus fumigatus가 5균주, Aspergillus flavus가 64균주, Aspergillus tereus가 33균주였다. Cladosporium은 198균주 (42.8%), Penicillium은 163균주 (35.2%), Aspergillus가 102균주 (22%)였다. 펠렛공정에서 Cladosporium의 평균 농도는 71 cfu/㎥로 가장 높았고, 호흡성 크기의 진균도 65 cfu/㎥로 높았다.본 실험의 결과를 종합하면 배양된 모든 균들은 비병원성균으로 동정되었지만, 면역성이 저하된 근로자나 노인 또는 유아에게 치명적인 병원성을 나타낼 수 있는 기회감염균이었다. 사료공장 내 공기 중 바이오에어로졸의 분포와 동정의 결과로 보아 측정 공장의 실외와 비교해 볼 때 실내공기가 바이오에어로졸에 의해 오염되었음을 추정할 수 있다.따라서 공장 내 공기 중에 부유미생물을 감소시키기 위해서는 환기를 자주 시켜 주어야 하며, 실내공기질의 개선을 위해서도 적정한 습도, 온도, CO2 등의 유지를 위한 능동적인 대처가 필요하다.

[영문]This study proposed to examine the influence of bio-aerosols to the employees' physical condition particularly in a feed-factory through measuring CO₂density, temperature and humidity as the indoor air contamination index of the air collected through six-stage viable particulate cascade impactor has measured for a feed-factory at the same time and the distribution, density and particle size of the floating microbes and fungi classified by place have compared with outdoor air of the experiment site. Moreover, this study identified whether infectious microbes are existence or not through identification experiment.Humidity and CO₂level as the indoor air contamination index was high in the grain powder process and the density of the average microbes and fungi was high as well. This result represents physical and environmental factors are relevant to bio-aerosol.There was 8 types of cultivated microbes; Staphylococcus 315 colony, Micrococcus 190 colony, Bacillus 112 colony, Corynebacterium 52 colony, Streptococcus 10 colony, Enterococcus 9 colony, and others 12 colony. The average concentration of floating microbes in the pellet process was 226 cfu/㎥ and the average density of respiration sized floating microbes was 190 cfu/㎥. The average concentration of floating microbes was 396 cfu/㎥ and respiration size floating microbes was 291 cfu/㎥ in the grain powder process.There was four kinds of fungi. Cladosporium was 198 colony, Penicillium was 163 colony, Aspergillus fumigatus was 5 colony, Aspergillus flavus was 64 colony, Aspergillus tereus was 33 colony. Cladosporiun was 198 colony (42.8%), Penicillium was 163 colony (35.2%) and Aspergillus was 102 colony (22.0%). The average density of Cladosporium was highest 71 cfu/㎥ and respiration sized fungi was also high 65 cfu/㎥ in the pellet process.Putting those various results together, every cultivated microbes were non-pathogenic microbes in this research. However, it could be opportunistic infection microbes to low-immune employees, the elderly and an infant as a fatal pathogenic microbes. This research identified that inside air can be contaminated by bio-aerosol in the feed-factory through measuring distribution and identification of bio-aerosol and comparing those results with outdoor air of the experiment site.Consequently, it is necessary to ventilate as often as possible to reduce floating microbes in the feed-factory. Moreover, the feed-factory needs active and positive manner and efforts such as maintaining the level of appropriate humidity, temperature and CO₂to improve the quality of indoor air.