훈련소 금연교육이 군 생활 중 흡연행태에 미치는 영향

Abstract

[한글]

본 연구는 흡연 증가를 억제하기 위한 방법의 하나로 논산훈련소에서 의무적으로 실시되고 있는 금연교육의 효과를 파악함으로써 향후 군 보건 및 흡연 예방 분야의 정책 수립의 기초자료를 얻고자 하였다.

연구 대상은 1997년 3월∼4월에 군 입대하여 훈련을 받은 후 서울 인근 7개 부대에 근무하고 있는 병사이다. 금연교육을 받은 논산훈련소군은 노출군으로 874명, 신병교육대군은 비노출군으로 788명, 총 1662명을 조사하였다.

자료 수집은 구조화된 설문지를 사용하였고 설문지는 일반적인 사항, 흡연 지식 수준, 기간별 흡연 행태와 흡연에 영향을 주는 사항을 포함한 내용으로 구성되었다.

자료 수집 기간은 1998년 3월 24일 1차 조사를 거쳐 4월 13일부터 5월 13일까지였다. 흡연 행태는 백분율, x2-test, t-test를 통해 차이를 보았으며 금연교육이 흡연행태에 주는 독립적인 영향을 알아보고자 로지스틱 분석을 하였다.

본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다.

가. 논산훈련소군과 신병교육대군의 흡연 행태를 분석한 결과는

(1) 대상자의 일반적 특성으로 신체적 조건은 두 군간에 차이가 없었다. 그러나 주특기와 입대전 직업은(p<0.05) 두 군간에는 차이가 있었고 종교와 아버지의 흡연 유무는 두 군간에 유의한 차이를 보였다. (p<0.1)

(2) 흡연 행태에서

(가) 군 입대 전 흡연율과 흡연량은 두 군간에 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다.

(나) 금연교육 후 흡연율과 흡연량은 두 군간에 차이가 없었다. 그러나 금연 교육후 흡연량은 자대배치 기간이 길수록 늘어났다.

(다) 흡연 동기는 두 군간에 유의한 차이가 없었다.

(3) 흡연에 관한 지식은 금연교육을 받은 논산훈련소군이 7.3점, 교육을 받지 않은 신병교육대군이 7.1점으로 두 군간에 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.05).

(4) 금연에 관한 태도로 금연 시도와 의도에 대한 분석 결과는

(가) 군 입대전 50%이상이 금연 시도를 하였으며 두 군간의 금연 시도여부는 유의적인차이가 없었다. 그러나 훈련소 기간 중에서 금연 시도율에서 금연교육을 실시한 논산훈련소군과 신병교육대군은 각각 61.3%, 41.2%로 유의한 차이가 있었고(p=0.001) 자대 배치 후 금연시도율은 논산훈련소군이 약간 높았으나 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다.

(나) 금연의도에 대해 현재 흡연자 중 논산훈련소군은 64.4%, 신병교육대군은 62.2%로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 금연의도군에서 흡연지식 수준이 높은 것으로 나타났다.

나. 흡연에 영향을 주는 요인 분석 결과는

(1) 금연교육을 받은 논산훈련소군의 흡연율이 그렇지 않은 신병교육대에 비해 0.8배로 낮았으며 통계적으로 유의하였다(p<0.5).

(2) 입대전에 담배를 피운 경우가 그렇지 않은 경우보다 현재 담배를 피울 위험은 51배 높았다.

(3) 흡연 시작을 1세 늦게하면 1세 먼저 시작한 사람에 비해 현재 담배 피울 위험은 0.8배로 낮았다.

(4) 부모 흡연에서 아버지가 흡연하는 경우에 흡연하지 않은 경우보다 1.6배 높게 나타났다.

(5) 학력, 입대전 직업, 신체비만지수(BMI), 흡연의 지식 등은 현재의 흡연율과 유의적인 연관을 보이지 않았다.

이상의 결과를 통하여 볼 때 훈련소의 의무적 금연 교육은 1년 후 흡연율을 유의하게 감소 시켰으며, 흡연행태로 흡연 지식, 금연 시도와 금연 의도 등에 유의하지는 않았지만 영향을 주었다. 그리고 금연교육, 입대전 흡연, 아버지의 흡연과 흡연을 시작한 연령 등

이 군 병사의 흡연 행태에 영향을 주고 있었다.

따라서 금연교육은 계속해야 하며 교육 내용을 좀 더 보강하여 금연 동기를 부여하고 자대배치 후 추후 관리를 한다면 더 효과가 있을 것이다.

[영문]

This research examines one method of controlling the increase in smoking. Specifically, this research examines the efficacy of the mandatory Quit Smoking Program ("QSP") which the ROK Army administers at its Nonsan Recruit Training Center. In so doing, the researcher hopes that this research will form the basis

for establishing a military health and smoke-free policy.

The test group consists of ROK Army recruits who began their training between March and April 1997 and who were later stationed at one of seven selected military bases located in the Seoul area. Of the 1662 test subjects, the 874 recruits who

received their training at the Nonsan Recruit Training Center were designated the "exposed" group, while the remaining 788 recruits who received their training elsewhere were designated the "unexposed" group.

Information was gathered using a detailed questionnaire. The questionnaire asked for general information about the test subject, the test subject's degree of knowledge about the harmful effects of smoking, the test subject's smoking patterns,

and circumstances influencing smoking.

Following a March 24, 1998 preliminary investigation, the current survey was conducted between April 13, 1998 and May 13, 1998. Differences in smoking behavior were seen through percentage, the -test, and the t-test. In addition, logistic

analysis was conducted to isolate the independent factor that QSP was influenced on smoking behavior.

Here is a summary of these research results.

A. Analysis results of the smoking behavior of the "exposed" and "unexposed"

groups

(1)There were no differences in the smoking behavior of the two groups based on physical characteristics. However, there were a significant differences based on the test subject's military role as well as the test subject's occupation prior to entering the army (p<0.05). There were sigificant difference between exposed and unexposed group in religion & true test subject's factor's smoking habit (p<0.1).

(2)Smoking behavior.

(a)There were rarely any statistical differences between the two groups based on the percentage of smokers or the daily amount of cigarettes smoked prior to entering the army.

(b)There were no differences between the two groups based on the percentage of smokers or the daily amount of cigarettes smoked after QSP. However, after QSP, the daily amount of cigarettes smoked increased proportionately to the amount of time it took for the test subject to be sent from the training center to his corresponding military base.

(c)Between the two groups, there were no significant motivational differences for smoking.

(3)There were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to knowledge about the harmful effects of smoking (p<0.05).

The "exposed" group received 7.3 points while the "unexposed" group received 7.1 points.

(4)Analysis results of the attitudes toward quitting smoking, specifically, the attempts and the intent to quit.

(a)At least 50% of the test subjects attempted to quit smoking prior to entering the army. There were no significant differences in the attempt rate between the two groups. However, there was a significant difference in the attempt rate between the two groups during the training period (p=0.001) where the "exposed" group's rate of attempt was 61.3% and the "unexposed" group's rate of attempt was 41.2%. After the test subjects were sent to their assigned military bases, the attempt rate for the test subjects from the "exposed" group were still slightly higher than the "unexposed" group's attempt rate, but statistically the difference in attempt rates was not significant.

(b)Among current smokers, 64.4% of test subjects from the "exposed" group and 62.2% of test subjects from the "unexposed" group expressed their intent to quit smoking. There were, therefore, no significant differences in the rate of intent between the two groups. Among the test subjects who expressed their intent to quit smoking, there was a high level of knowledge about the harmful effects of smoking.

B.Analysis results of the primary factors influencing smoking.

(1)The "exposed" group's smoking rate was 0.8 times lower than the "unexposed" group's smoking rate. However, the statistical differences in the smoking rates between the two groups were insignificant(p<0.5).

(2)Test subjects who smoked prior to entering the army were 51 times more likely to currently be smokers.

(3)Test subjects who started smoking one year earlier than other test subjects were 0.8 times more likely to currently be smokers.

(4)Test subjects whos fathers were smokers were 1.6 times more likely to currently be smokers.

(5)Factors such as the test subject's background, occupation prior to entering the army, BMI, and knowledge about the harmful effects of smoking did not significantly affect the current smoking rate.

These results reveal that one year after the mandatory Quit Smoking Program was administered at the Nonsan Recruit Training Center, there was a reduction in the smoking rate among those test subjects who participated in the program. Although knowledge about the harmful effects of smoking as well as attempts and the intent to quit smoking did not significantly change smoking behavior, these factors did influence smoking behavior. Furthermore, factors such as QSP, smoking prior to

entering the army, the smoking habits of the test subjects' fathers, and the age of the test subjects when they first bagan to smoking all influenced smoking behavior.

Therefore, QSP must be continued. In addition, the content of QSP must be strengthened so that the motivation to quit smoking is given. Finally, if QSP is also administered after recruits are sent to their corresponding military bases, it will be even more effective.