상수 수질의 안전성에 관한 조사 연구

Abstract

[한글]

인간이 소비하는 물은 건강에 해를 끼칠 우려가 있는 유기물이나 화학물질이 허용치이상 오염되어서는 안되며 마시기에 깨끗하고 쾌적한 것이어야 한다. 세계각국에서는 자국의 실정에 맞는 수질기준에 따라 급수수질을 관리하고 있다. 그러나 우리가 사용하는 물에 함유되어 있는 유해금속 및 음이온들이 비록 미량이라 할지라도 생체내에 축적으로 질병유발의 잠재성(Pollutant burden)을 우려하지 않을 수 없으며 또한 상수원수 및 처리수가 음료수 수질기준에 적합한 상태라 할지라도, 수도관에 하수등의 오염, 관말(管末)인 각 가정에서 사용될 경우 청관제와 처리약품사용, 수도관의 내부도금(galvanization) 상태 및 이온들의 용출이 있을 것으로 예상된다. 따라서 저자는 이들에 따른 수도수의 안전성을 검토하기 위하여 본 연구를 시행하였다.

서울지역의 5개 수원지부근의 한강 5개 지역 원수 및 52개지역의 가정 수도수에 대하여 1984년 3월∼5�畺沮�갈수기에 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다.

1) 수도수검체 중 세균에 오염된 불량검체가 조사검체 총 52개중 7개(13.4%)에서 나타났고, NH^^3-N도 5개에서 기준치보다 높게 나타났다.

2) 합성세제의 농도는 원수의 경우 팔당을 제외한 모든 검체의 상수원수가 0.5㎎/ℓ이상 나타났으며 수도수의 경우도 평균 0.105㎎/ℓ으로 나타난 것으로 보아 정수 처리시 완전히 제거되지 않음을 알 수 있다.

3) 각 가정의 수도수에서는 유해한 중금속이 거의 검출되지 않았다.

4) 원수 중의 Al, Fe, Zn 농도는 처리수 중에서 비교적 높은 농도로 검출되었는데 Zn 및 Fe의 농도가 각 1개에서 음용수 수질기준치보다 높게 측정되었다. 이들은 정수시 약품처리, 수도관, 부식상태에 따라 차이가 있음을 알 수 있었다.

5) 아파트를 포함한 고층건물에서는 HPO^^4이온의 농도가 0.218±0.237㎎/ℓ 검출되었는데 이는 청관제 사용으로 인한 결과로 분석된다.

6) 음용수 수질허용기준에 관한 규칙(보사부령 제 744호 ; 84.3.31)에서 제외된 NO^^2-N도 8개 지역에서 검출되었다.

7) 수도관 내의 부식상태를 조사하기 위하여 정수장으로부터 거리에 따른 철과 아연의 용출량은 상관성이 없었다.

이상의 조사결과로 볼 때 정수장에서 처리된 상수가 수도관을 거쳐 가정의 급수전에 도달하기까지는 수도관의 부식, 청관제의 사용, 수도관의 종류에 따라 미량금속 및 음이온의 용출이 있음을 알 수 있었고 이들이 인체에 미치는 영향을 감안, 음료수 안전성에 대

한 평가는 체계적인 조사연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다. 또한 이들에 재료나 종합적인 처리기술 및 규제기준등이 검토되어야 하겠다.

A STUDY ON SAFETY OF DRINKING WATER QUALITY

Choi, Doo Nam

Department of environmental Science

Graduate School of Health Science and Management Tonsei University

(Directed by Professor Chung Yong, M.P.H., D.E.S.T.., Ph.D)

Drinking water for human consumption must be free from organisms and the chemical

substances that may be hazard to health.

In addition, water supply should be as clear and pleasant to drink as

circumstances permit. Many countries have established national standard of drinking

water quality and the method of analysis.

Tap water at household might be different from the treated water at water

stations by contaminations. They might be caused of infiltration of sewage and

human excreatment or solution of toxic materials in pipe line and/or of using

chemicals for rustproofing materials.

This study was undertaken to survey variation of physicochemical components and

to evaluate the safety in tap water as well as raw water.

Elements were measured by I.C.A.P and icons by Ion chromatography.

The results were obtained as follows:

1. General Bacteria cultured on nutrient agar media was determinated in over 13

percent of tap waters sampled as well as ammonia nitrogen compound in over 6

percent of the tap waters. They were evaluated as the contamination of night soil

and so on.

2. Compared with the concentration of Aluminum in raw water, the tap water was

more contaminated. The cause might be residue following flocculant in the treatment

at water plant. The higher concentration of Aluminum in drinking water could be

affected to the kidney infailure patients.

3. Hazardous heavy metals were not observed intap water.

4. Aluminum, Iron and Zinc in tap waters showed relatively higher concentrations

than tat of raw water. The high concentration was observed in water of the apatment

which tank was installed in.

5. Big buildings were much higher contents of phosphate than private small

households. This was meant by use of rust-proofing agents.

The above experimental results could be extended to evaluate the safety of tap

water n context with public health.

[영문]

Drinking water for human consumption must be free from organisms and the chemical substances that may be hazard to health.

In addition, water supply should be as clear and pleasant to drink as circumstances permit. Many countries have established national standard of drinking water quality and the method of analysis.

Tap water at household might be different from the treated water at water stations by contaminations. They might be caused of infiltration of sewage and human excreatment or solution of toxic materials in pipe line and/or of using chemicals for rustproofing materials.

This study was undertaken to survey variation of physicochemical components and to evaluate the safety in tap water as well as raw water.

Elements were measured by I.C.A.P and icons by Ion chromatography.

The results were obtained as follows:

1. General Bacteria cultured on nutrient agar media was determinated in over 13 percent of tap waters sampled as well as ammonia nitrogen compound in over 6 percent of the tap waters. They were evaluated as the contamination of night soil and so on.

2. Compared with the concentration of Aluminum in raw water, the tap water was more contaminated. The cause might be residue following flocculant in the treatment at water plant. The higher concentration of Aluminum in drinking water could be affected to the kidney infailure patients.

3. Hazardous heavy metals were not observed intap water.

4. Aluminum, Iron and Zinc in tap waters showed relatively higher concentrations than tat of raw water. The high concentration was observed in water of the apatment which tank was installed in.

5. Big buildings were much higher contents of phosphate than private small households. This was meant by use of rust-proofing agents.

The above experimental results could be extended to evaluate the safety of tap water n context with public health.