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Hyperdiluted triamcinolone injection therapy for infraorbital herniated fat pads

Fri, 01 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Hyperdiluted triamcinolone injection therapy for infraorbital herniated fat pads Authors: Semenovych, Tamara; Rosellini, Isabella; Min, Jessie Lim Jia; Layrenshia, Belinda; Sobchyshyn, Mariya; Kim, Jin-Hyun; Yi, Kyu-Ho; 이규호 Abstract: Background: Infraorbital herniated fat pads are a frequent aesthetic concern and are commonly corrected surgically. Some patients prefer minimally invasive options, yet robust non-surgical volume-reduction approaches remain limited. Intralesional triamcinolone acetonide (TAC) is widely used in dermatology and other fields, and localized cutaneous/subcutaneous atrophy and lipoatrophy are recognized adverse effects. Objective: To report outcomes after treating infraorbital herniated fat pads with hyperdiluted TAC prepared at a 1:20 dilution with normal saline and to discuss steroid-related mechanisms affecting adipose tissue. Materials and methods: We conducted a retrospective case series of nine non-aesthetic-treated patients with infraorbital fat pad protrusion requesting non-surgical management. TAC was hyperdiluted 1:20 with 0.9% normal saline and injected as micro-aliquots into the target fat pad at the lid-cheek junction. Patients received 1-3 sessions at 4-week intervals. Standardized photographs were obtained at baseline and follow-up. Two independent physicians graded improvement using the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS), and patients rated satisfaction using a 5-point Likert scale. Adverse events were recorded. Results: Visible reduction of infraorbital bulging was observed in all patients (9/9). Improvement typically became apparent over several weeks and progressed through follow-up. Mild-to-moderate protrusion generally responded after one or two sessions, whereas more advanced bulging required up to three sessions with partial residual fullness. No serious complications were observed; transient edema, erythema, and tenderness resolved spontaneously. Conclusion: Hyperdiluted TAC (1:20 with normal saline) may provide a conservative, minimally invasive approach to reduce small-volume infraorbital fat protrusion, plausibly through controlled steroid-associated adipose atrophy. Given the known risk of unwanted atrophy, dyspigmentation, and contour irregularity with corticosteroid injections, this approach should be considered investigational and applied cautiously with appropriate anatomical expertise and follow-up. (c) 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Alteration in oral and non-oral tissues in ligature-induced periodontitis mice with the Alzheimer's disease risk factor APOE4

Wed, 01 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Alteration in oral and non-oral tissues in ligature-induced periodontitis mice with the Alzheimer's disease risk factor APOE4 Authors: Kim, Ae Ri; Yoo, Yun-Jung; Bak, Eun-Jung; 김애리 Abstract: The APOE4 gene, particularly the epsilon 4 allele, is linked to susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease, and periodontitis can cause pathological changes in multiple organs, but combined effects of these conditions and the impact of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha regulation on the combined effects remain unclear. We examined the alterations in oral and non-oral tissues in APOE4-knockin mice with periodontitis and evaluated the effects of infliximab, a TNF-alpha inhibitor. Mice were grouped as control, periodontitis, APOE4-knockin, APOE4-knockin with periodontitis, infliximab-treated periodontitis, and infliximab-treated APOE4-knockin with periodontitis. There were no differences in alveolar bone volume and periodontal inflammatory cells among all periodontitis-induced groups. The APOE4-knockin with periodontitis group showed a decrease in hippocampal Cornu Ammonis 1 neurons (p < 0.05) and increased renal and hepatic fibrosis (p < 0.05) compared to control group. The infliximab-treated APOE4-knockin with periodontitis group had even greater neuronal loss (p < 0.001) and renal fibrosis (p < 0.01). Glial fibrillary acidic protein mRNA expression, a marker of astrocyte activation, was higher in the infliximab-treated APOE4-knockin with periodontitis group than in the control group. These suggest that APOE4 with periodontitis worsens neuronal loss and renal and hepatic fibrosis, and TNF-alpha inhibition in this coexistence may have harmful effects on both the brain and kidney.

Lgr5 positive stem cells sustain homeostasis and drive regeneration of the nasal septum olfactory epithelium

Sun, 01 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Lgr5 positive stem cells sustain homeostasis and drive regeneration of the nasal septum olfactory epithelium Authors: Lee, Suyeon; Kim, Hyun-Yi; Choi, Jonghoon; Yoo, Seung-Jun; Lee, Jong-Min; Jung, Han-Sung Abstract: Leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5)-expressing cells function as stem cells in various epithelial tissues. However, their specific roles in the olfactory epithelium (OE) are still not well understood. In this study, we aimed to clarify their roles using a genetically modified mouse model that expresses a diphtheria toxin receptor specific to Lgr5 cells. We conducted RNAscope analysis, which confirmed the presence of Lgr5 transcripts throughout the septal OE and revealed their reduction following DT treatment and subsequent reappearance over time. After administering diphtheria toxin, we observe initial epithelial disorganization by day 3, followed by marked thinning by week 1. Regenerative changes are evident by week 4 and continue through week 6. We noted dynamic changes in the markers of basal and progenitor cells. Keratin 14-positive horizontal basal cells became distributed across multiple layers by day 3. SRY-box transcription factor (Sox)2, which is typically expressed in sustentacular and globose basal cells, was confined to the globose basal cells by day 3. However, by week 1, it appeared in multiple layers of the thinned epithelium showing a trend toward its typical localization by week 6. Markers for sensory neurons, cilia, and Bowman's glands exhibited coordinated degeneration followed by ongoing regenerative processes through 6 weeks. Overall, these findings suggest that Lgr5-positive cells are closely associated with epithelial homeostasis and regenerative processes in the olfactory epithelium.

The Role of Artificial Intelligence With Deep Convolutional Neural Network in Screening Melanoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses of Quasi-Experimental Diagnostic Studies

Sun, 01 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Title: The Role of Artificial Intelligence With Deep Convolutional Neural Network in Screening Melanoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses of Quasi-Experimental Diagnostic Studies Authors: Miracle, Stella Maureen; Rianto, Louis; Kelvin, Kelvin; Tandarto, Kevin; Setiadi, Felix; Angela, Angela; Brunner, Thiara Maharani; Darmawan, Hari; Tanojo, Henry; Kupwiwat, Rosalyn; Hidajat, Inneke Jane; Wanitphakdeedecha, Rungsima; Yi, Kyu-Ho; 이규호 Abstract: Introduction:Detecting melanoma as one of the most common skin cancer with using artificial intelligence (AI), such as deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) have the potency to increase the accuracy of the diagnosis. The aim of this study is to analyze the sensitivity, specificity, precision, and F1-score of DCNN in screening melanoma.Methodology:The authors followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines to retrieve literature in the following databases: PubMed, EBSCOhost, Emerald, Wiley, and ScienceDirect. The study's inclusion criteria were human quasi-experimental investigated DCNN in screening melanoma. The analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.4 and Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QUADAS-2) to ensure the quality of the studies.Results:Fifty-six of 2386 articles published in 2003 to 2023 were included and 24 studies were statistically analyzed. Various type of DCNN was used [artificial neural network (n=4); pigment network (n=4); atypical pigment network (n=1); ResNet (=8); AlexNet (n=3); visual geometry group (n=7); inception (n=4); custom DCNN (n=4)]. The mean and median of total sample size in meta-analysis with melanoma subjects were (18,791; 2,157) with (573; 261), respectively. Overall, QUADAS-2 showed low risk of bias. Diagnostic performance was observed with pooled sensitivity (0.881), pooled specificity (0.897), and pooled AUC (0.894). The precision and F1-score were ranging from 58% to 98.83% and 0.45 to 0.98. The forest plot and summary receiver operating characteristics curve (SROC) of each multiple in multiple analysis showed satisfactory results.Conclusions:DCNN showed significant result to screen melanoma in patients. It has the potential to help clinician in giving early screening.