https://ir.ymlib.yonsei.ac.kr/handle/22282913/205270 2026-07-14T09:04:19Z https://ir.ymlib.yonsei.ac.kr/handle/22282913/211902 Title: Global burden of disease due to young-onset dementia and the forecast for 2050: update from global burden of disease study 2021 Authors: Park, Yoonseo; Jeong, Heejae; Kim, Eun-Ji; Park, Sewon; Lee, Munjae; Jakovljevic, Mihajlo; 이문재 Abstract: ObjectiveThe prevalence of young-onset dementia (YOD) is increasing worldwide, leading to greater economic and social burden, necessitating strategic management and prevention.Materials and methodsUsing GBD 2021 data, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rates were analyzed by age, sex, and risk factors across five age groups. ARIMA and Bayesian models were applied to predict disease burden through 2050.ResultsFrom 1990 to 2021, disease burden increased in both sexes aged >= 55 years, with the greatest rise in the 55-59 group. DALYs rates were consistently higher in females, peaking in the 60-64 group. High fasting plasma glucose was the leading risk factor. Model performance varied by sex and age; applying the best-fitting models indicated a continued increase in burden, particularly among females.ConclusionsYOD burden has risen over time and is associated with modifiable factors such as high blood glucose and body mass index. The increasing trend is expected to persist, highlighting the need for effective management strategies to reduce future socioeconomic impact. 2026-12-01T00:00:00Z https://ir.ymlib.yonsei.ac.kr/handle/22282913/212837 Title: Impact of In-Hospital Osteoporosis Treatment on Post-discharge Medication Continuity in Osteoporotic Fracture Patients: Implications for Care Continuity Authors: Kim, Seung Hoon; Choi, Seoyeong; Cha, Yonghan; Choi, Eunjeong; Jang, Suk-Yong Abstract: Background: Despite the well-established benefits of osteoporosis medication in reducing the risk of secondary fractures and mortality, post-fracture treatment rates remain suboptimal. The hospitalization period represents a critical opportunity to initiate therapy, yet the impact of in-hospital osteoporosis treatment on long-term adherence has not been fully evaluated in the Korean population. Methods: This retrospective cohort study used data from the National Health Insurance Service sample cohort in South Korea. Patients aged >= 50 years who were hospitalized for osteoporotic fractures, including surgically and conservatively managed cases, between 2007 and 2019, were included. The primary exposure was receipt of osteoporosis medication during hospitalization, and the primary outcome was medication continuation within 1 year post-discharge. Log-binomial regression models were used to estimate adjusted risk ratios (aRRs) for post-discharge medication continuation, adjusted for demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical variables. Subgroup analyses were conducted by age, sex, fracture site, income level, and residential region. Results: Of 19,021 patients with osteoporotic fractures, 25.9% received osteoporosis treatment during hospitalization. The 1-year post-discharge medication rate was 75.8% in the treatment group, compared to 25.4% in the non-treatment group. The aRR for post-discharge medication continuation was 2.23 (95% CI, 2.14-2.32). Similar effects were observed for both oral (aRR, 2.26) and injectable (aRR, 2.13) medications. Subgroup analysis revealed stronger associations in males (aRR, 5.01), younger patients (50-70 years; aRR, 2.93), and those with minor fractures (aRR, 3.22). Although the overall continuation rate was lower in older adults and patients with major fractures, in-hospital treatment was still positively associated with improved adherence. Conclusions: In-hospital initiation of osteoporosis medication was associated with improved post-discharge treatment continuity in patients with osteoporotic fractures. Incorporating structured osteoporosis management into inpatient orthopedic care pathways may help enhance long-term adherence and support secondary fracture prevention. 2026-06-01T00:00:00Z https://ir.ymlib.yonsei.ac.kr/handle/22282913/212918 Title: Association between household type and false reporting of smoking among South Korean adults Authors: Kim, Ji Yeon; Lim, Jae Hyeok; Choi, Kui Son; Ha, Min Jin; Park, Eun-Cheol Abstract: Objective Self-reported smoking is prone to false reporting, potentially influenced by cultural norms and cohabiting family members. We examined the association between household type and false reporting among South Korean adults.Methods Using 2014-2021 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, we identified adults (>= 19 years) with cotinine-verified smoking. Household types were classified as single-person, couple-only, parent-with-child or other. False reporting was defined as self-reporting as having never smoked or having previously smoked. Sex-stratified multivariable logistic regression was conducted after adjusting for relevant covariates.Results Among 8510 adults with cotinine-verified smoking (6754 males; 1756 females), false reporting prevalence (males/females) was 7.6%/24.2% in single-person households, 12.2%/37.4% in couple-only households, 12.1%/47.3% in parent-with-child and 11.9%/39.5% in other household types. Compared with single-person households, false reporting was more likely in parent-with-child (male, adjusted OR (aOR) 1.72, 95% CI 1.20 to 2.48; female, aOR 2.01, 95% CI 1.38 to 2.93) and other households (male, aOR 1.75, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.65; female, aOR 1.53, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.32). Moreover, among males, couple-only households showed increased odds (aOR 2.04, 95% CI 1.31 to 3.17). Individuals with false reporting were more likely to report having never smoked and, among males, were also more likely to report having previously smoked and current e-cigarette use.Conclusion These findings suggest that the presence and type of cohabiting family members increased the likelihood of false reporting of smoking, indicating identifiable high-risk groups and potential patterns in false reporting behaviour. 2026-06-01T00:00:00Z https://ir.ymlib.yonsei.ac.kr/handle/22282913/212923 Title: Geospatial disparities in infant mortality in Ghana: evidence from national data Authors: Osei, Kennedy Mensah; Han, Whiejong; Kang, Sunjoo; Rajaguru, Vasuki; Ha, Min Jin Abstract: Background Infant mortality remains a major public health concern in Ghana, with progress occurring unevenly across population groups and locations. Understanding both the determinants and the spatial distribution of infant deaths is essential for designing targeted interventions and reducing persistent inequalities.Methods We analysed nationally representative data from multiple rounds of the Ghana Demographic and Health Surveys, comprising 19 558 infant survivors and 3464 infant deaths. Local Indicators of Spatial Association and kernel density estimation were applied to produce cluster and spatial risk maps, respectively. A shared frailty Cox proportional hazards model, accounting for unobserved heterogeneity at the regional level, was used to estimate adjusted HRs.Results Infant mortality exhibited significant spatial autocorrelation, while regional quantile maps revealed distinct yet overlapping geographic patterns for both neonatal and infant mortality. Infant mortality showed substantial clustering. Elevated risks were observed in Upper West, parts of Savannah and Ashanti, whereas lower risks were evident in Greater Accra, North East and Eastern regions. Factors associated with lower hazards included tertiary maternal education (adjusted HR (aHR)=0.66; 95% CI 0.48 to 0.89), health insurance coverage (aHR=0.86; 95% CI 0.80 to 0.94), early initiation of antenatal care (aHR=0.88; 95% CI 0.83 to 0.93) and completion of >= 4 antenatal visits (aHR=0.90; 95% CI 0.82 to 0.98). Socioeconomic gradients were apparent, with infants in relatively richer households experiencing lower mortality hazards. Infant-level characteristics strongly predicted survival, including normal birth weight (aHR=0.60; 95% CI 0.45 to 0.75), breastfeeding (aHR=0.39; 95% CI 0.31 to 0.47), longer birth intervals (aHR=0.63; 95% CI 0.57 to 0.70) and vaccination (aHR=0.42; 95% CI 0.32 to 0.53).Conclusions Infant mortality in Ghana displays marked spatial heterogeneity and regional-level effects. Strengthening maternal and newborn services in hot-spot regions, expanding early antenatal and postnatal care and targeting high-risk maternal profiles may accelerate progress toward equitable child survival. 2026-06-01T00:00:00Z