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Microbial Profiling of Saliva, Oral Rinse, Subgingival Plaque and GCF Reveals Site-Specific Dysbiosis in Periodontitis: A Within-Subject Comparison of 150 Participants

2026-02-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Microbial Profiling of Saliva, Oral Rinse, Subgingival Plaque and GCF Reveals Site-Specific Dysbiosis in Periodontitis: A Within-Subject Comparison of 150 Participants Authors: Lee, Ran; Park, Jin-Young; Park, Yuan; Kim, Kyu; Ha, Jong-Won; Lee, Jung-Seok; 김규 Abstract: Aim This study aimed to compare the microbial communities across four oral sample types-saliva, oral rinse, subgingival plaque and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF)-and to identify disease-associated microbiota in periodontitis.Methods Oral samples were collected from 150 adults, each providing four types of samples in the same visit. Saliva (5 mL) and oral rinse (10 mL, 30-s swish) were collected prior to clinical examination. Subgingival plaque was sampled using a curette from the two deepest pockets, followed by GCF collection via 20-s insertion of gingival retraction cords at the same sites. All samples underwent 16S rRNA (V3-V4) sequencing. Site-specific microbial profiles were evaluated across all participants. For disease comparisons, only individuals with clear periodontal status (periodontally healthy, n = 41; stage III/IV periodontitis, n = 43) were included, excluding stage I/II cases (n = 66).Results Saliva and oral rinse formed one microbial cluster; plaque and GCF formed another. Alpha diversity was found increased in disease, except in GCF. Beta diversity showed the most distinct disease-related shift in GCF. Red complex pathogens and GCF-specific differentially abundant taxa were markedly enriched in periodontitis.Conclusions GCF yielded the clearest microbial differentiation between health and periodontitis, supporting its diagnostic utility.

Optimal Cutoffs of Fatty Liver Index and Hepatic Steatosis Index in Diagnosing Pediatric Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatotic Liver Disease

2026-02-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Optimal Cutoffs of Fatty Liver Index and Hepatic Steatosis Index in Diagnosing Pediatric Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatotic Liver Disease Authors: Song, Kyungchul; Kwon, Yu-Jin; Lee, Eunju; Lee, Hye Sun; Youn, Young Hoon; Baik, Su Jung; Shin, Hyun Joo; Chae, Hyun Wook; 송경철 Abstract: BACKGROUND & AIMS: Despite the high global prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), effective noninvasive diagnostic tools in pediatric populations remain limited. We aimed to validate the predictive performance of the fatty liver index (FLI) and hepatic steatosis index (HSI) in diagnosing MASLD in the young population and propose optimal cutoff points for the diagnosis of MASLD and severe MASLD. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included data from 1158 and 203 youths from the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017 to 2020 and real-world clinical environments, respectively. Hepatic steatosis was defined based on controlled attenuation parameter values obtained from vibration-controlled transient elastography or ultrasonography. The performances of the FLI and HSI were evaluated using logistic regression, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and optimal cutoffs determined via Youden's index. RESULTS: The AUCs of FLI and HSI for MASLD were 0.91 and 0.90 in the NHANES data, respectively, and 0.93 for both indices in real-world clinical data. The optimal cutoffs for MASLD diagnosis were 20 (lower) and 50 (upper) for the FLI and 30 (lower) and 40 (upper) for the HSI. For severe MASLD, the FLI cutoff increased to 60, whereas the HSI cutoff remained at 40, with both achieving AUCs of 0.83. In youth with normal alanine aminotransferase levels, the AUCs of both indices were 0.89 in the NHANES and 0.91 in real-world clinical data. CONCLUSIONS: FLI and HSI are effective noninvasive tools for diagnosing pediatric MASLD and severe MASLD, including in youth with normal alanine aminotransferase levels.

Adjunctive effect of soft tissue grafting in the surgical treatment of peri-implantitis: clinical and radiographic outcomes from a preclinical canine experiment

2026-02-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Adjunctive effect of soft tissue grafting in the surgical treatment of peri-implantitis: clinical and radiographic outcomes from a preclinical canine experiment Authors: Song, Young Woo; Park, Jin-Young; Jung, Ui-Won; Lee, Wan Zhen; Thoma, Daniel S.; Naenni, Nadja Abstract: Purpose: The aim of this study was to clinically and radiographically investigate the effect of soft tissue grafting as an adjunct in the surgical treatment of ligature-induced peri-implantitis lesions in canines. Methods: Seven Mongrel dogs received implant placements on both sides of the posterior mandible (3 fixtures per side). After inducing peri-implantitis via ligation with suture material, surgical treatment was performed on each implant according to randomly assigned groups: DI, implantoplasty only; DIB, implantoplasty followed by collagenated, deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM-C) grafting; DIC, implantoplasty followed by autogenous connective tissue graft (CTG); DIV, implantoplasty followed by volume-stable collagen matrix (VCMX) grafting; DIBC, implantoplasty followed by DBBM-C grafting and CTG; and DIBV, implantoplasty followed by DBBM-C and VCMX grafting. Clinical and radiographic outcomes were evaluated. Composite treatment success was defined by the following criteria: absence of bleeding on probing at 12 weeks post-surgery; a reduction in probing depth (PD) or an increase of 1 mm or less in PD at 12 weeks post-surgery; and absence of additional bone loss >= 0.5 mm at 12 weeks post-surgery compared to radiographic baseline. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Results: All groups exhibited clinical and radiographic improvement after surgery. Clinical parameters, radiographic bone levels, and mucosal thickness did not significantly differ among the groups. The DI and DIV groups demonstrated higher composite treatment success rates (71.4%) compared to the other 4 groups. Adjunctive soft tissue grafting resulted in fewer changes in peri-implant mucosa. The effect of hard tissue grafting on bone regeneration was minimal, and combining hard and soft tissue grafting did not yield better outcomes than implantoplasty alone. Conclusions: The surgical treatment of peri-implantit is lesions remains challenging. Soft tissue grafting showed clinical benefits by reducing changes in the peri-implant mucosa. The effect of hard tissue grafting on bone regeneration was very limited.

Patient- and Clinician-Reported Outcomes and the Outcome Measures in Studies Reporting on Rehabilitation of the Edentulous Maxilla With Implant-Supported Fixed Prosthesis Using Short, Standard-Length and/or Zygomatic Implants: A Systematic Review of Clinical Studies Published in the Last 10 Years

2026-02-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Patient- and Clinician-Reported Outcomes and the Outcome Measures in Studies Reporting on Rehabilitation of the Edentulous Maxilla With Implant-Supported Fixed Prosthesis Using Short, Standard-Length and/or Zygomatic Implants: A Systematic Review of Clinical Studies Published in the Last 10 Years Authors: Thoma, Daniel S.; Sadilina, Sofya; Jung, Ronald E.; Park, Seung-hyun; Park, Jin-young; Jung, Ui-won; Strauss, Franz J. Abstract: Objectives To identify patient-reported outcomes (PROs), clinician-reported outcomes (ClinROs) and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in studies evaluating the rehabilitation of the edentulous maxilla with implant-supported fixed prosthesis using short and/or standard-length and/or zygomatic implants.Materials and Methods A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and National Clinical Trial Register for articles published between January 1, 2014, and March 24, 2024. Studies reporting both PROMs and ClinROs related to implant therapy in patients with fully edentulous maxillae were eligible for inclusion. Study characteristics, PROMs, and ClinROs were extracted from each article. Study quality was appraised using Cochrane's Risk of Bias 2 tool, Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, or the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool according to the study design.Results The electronic search identified 1981 titles after removing duplicates. Fourteen publications, reporting both ClinROs and PROMs based on 12 studies (14 publications). These studies evaluated a total of 575 participants and 3367 implants. Eight publications focused exclusively on one type of implant design: seven evaluated standard-length implants and one examined zygomatic implants. The remaining six publications assessed two implant types: four compared zygomatic and standard-length implants, while two compared short and standard-length implants. The most frequently used PROMs among the publications (n = 14) were Oral Health-Related Quality-of-Life using OHIP questionnaires (7/14) and patient satisfaction using unstandardized questionnaires (7/14). The most frequently reported objective ClinROs were complication (14/14), marginal bone loss (10/14) assessed using standardized periapical radiographs, implant mobility/stability/failure (7/14), and implant survival (4/14). Subjective ClinROs related to the clinician's perception were reported in only one study (1/14) and focused on swelling after treatment.Conclusions PROMs and objective ClinROs are often reported together in clinical trials involving short, standard-length or zygomatic implants for implant-supported fixed prostheses in edentulous maxillae. However, the frequent use of unstandardized questionnaires for PROMs hinders sound comparisons across studies. Subjective ClinROs based on clinician perception are rarely reported.