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Associations between PTSD and psychotic symptoms: A network analysis of patients with psychotic disorders in Uganda Psychosis-PTSD network analysis

2026-05-12T08:35:41Z

Title: Associations between PTSD and psychotic symptoms: A network analysis of patients with psychotic disorders in Uganda Psychosis-PTSD network analysis Authors: Cho, Hanseul; Lee, Woohyung; Park, Hyungjun; Stevenson, Anne; Bustamante, Daniel; Stroud, Rocky Elton; Jha, Shaili C.; Kyebuzibwa, Joseph; Kalungi, Allan; Arinda, Anita; Mwesiga, Emmanuel K.; Rodokonyero, Raymond; Dickens, Akena; Sharma, Manasi; Korte, Kristina J. Abstract: Introduction: Individuals with psychosis often endorse a history of trauma, yet the symptom-level interplay between trauma-related and psychotic symptoms is understudied globally and largely absent in Sub-Saharan Africa. We used network analysis to examine associations within and between these domains. Methods: We conducted a network analysis of 807 participants with a psychotic disorder and trauma history in the Ugandan cohort of the NeuroGAP-Psychosis program. Psychotic symptoms were assessed using the standard Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) version 7.0.2's module K for psychotic disorders and mood disorder with psychotic features, and trauma-related symptoms were assessed using the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). We estimated a mixed graphical model with Extended Bayesian Information Criterion regularization (gamma = 0.25) and pairwise interactions (k = 2) to examine PTSD and psychosis symptom networks, computed two-step bridge expected influence, and bootstrapped (n = 1000) to assess network stability and accuracy. Results: Participants' average PCL-5 score was 28.0 (SD = 23.3). Network analysis revealed clustering in both PTSD and psychosis symptoms; psychotic symptoms clustered more strongly together than PTSD symptoms did. Four cross-domain edges, 1) negative symptoms with trouble recalling; 2) odd or unusual beliefs with difficulty concentrating; 3) disorganized speech with negative feelings; 4) odd or unusual beliefs with flashbacks, were identified. Trouble recalling showed the highest mean 2-step bridge expected influence. Discussion: Memory-related symptoms such as trouble recalling or flashbacks emerged as potential bridge symptoms between PTSD and psychosis in this population. These symptoms could serve as transdiagnostic intervention targets and warrant longitudinal investigation.

Trends and Sociodemographic Characteristics of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections in South Korea: A Nationwide NHIS-Based Study (2010-2022)

2026-04-29T08:27:00Z

Title: Trends and Sociodemographic Characteristics of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections in South Korea: A Nationwide NHIS-Based Study (2010-2022) Authors: Seo, Jeong Mi; Kang, Sungchan; Lim, Taeyoon; Shin, So-mi; Whang, Jake; Ko, Jinsoo; Lee, Gyeong In Abstract: Background: In South Korea, nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is not a notifiable disease, while the absence of a national surveillance system hampers accurate assessment of its incidence. Therefore, this study utilized National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) claims data to investigate nationwide trends in NTM occurrence over the past decade. Methods: We used NHIS claims (2010-2022) to assemble a cohort with International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision A31 (A31.0, A31.1, A31.8, A31.9). For incidence, cases diagnosed in 2010-2011 were excluded. Incidence was estimated under three definitions: >= 2 outpatient visits or >= 1 inpatient admission with A31 during the study period; same as A, but with <= 180 days between visits; meeting B plus >= 1 antibiotic prescription within 180 days (treatment initiation). Age-standardized prevalence and incidence were calculated using the 2010 Korean population. Results: A total of 178,287 newly diagnosed NTM cases were identified from 2012 to 2022 (mean age 51.4 years; 66.8 % female). The age-standardized prevalence increased from 15.5 to 69.8 per 100,000 in 2010 to 2022. Incidence peaked in 2017 (38.9/100,000), then declined to 26.9 in 2022. Age-specific incidence of NTM infection showed distinct sex-related patterns. Among men, incidence was consistently concentrated in older adults, particularly those >= 80 years, throughout 2012-2022. In contrast, women experienced a marked epidemiologic shift beginning in 2017, with incidence in their 20s and 30s surpassing older age groups. Medical Aid beneficiaries consistently showed higher incidence rates. By region, Daejeon and Chungnam showed the greatest increase in incidence rates in 2022, compared to 2012. Conclusion: NTM infection is increasing in Korea, with distinct epidemiologic patterns by sex, age, and socioeconomic status. The rising burden, especially among young women and the socioeconomically disadvantaged, warrants targeted public health strategies.

Trends in noticing and responses to cigarette and heated tobacco product warnings among Koreans who use tobacco: findings from the 2020-2023 ITC Korea Surveys

2026-05-12T08:35:46Z

Title: Trends in noticing and responses to cigarette and heated tobacco product warnings among Koreans who use tobacco: findings from the 2020-2023 ITC Korea Surveys Authors: Cho, Yoo Jin; Quah, Anne C. K.; Fong, Geoffrey T.; Cho, Sung-il; Kang, Heewon; Kim, Gil-yong; Kim, Su Young; Seo, Hong Gwan; Lee, Sungkyu; Thrasher, James F. Abstract: Background South Korea is the only country to mandate graphic health warnings on both cigarettes and heated tobacco products (HTPs), with updates required every 2 years. Few studies have assessed real-world responses to warnings for HTPs, whose popularity has grown around the world, including in Korea.Methods Data were analysed from the 2020, 2021 and 2023 International Tobacco Control Korea Surveys, administered online. Respondents were adults who reported at least weekly use of cigarettes (n=11 280) or HTPs (n=5731). Weighted logistic regression models examined attention (eg, often/very often vs never/rarely/sometimes), cognitive responses (eg, thinking about risks a lot vs a little/not at all) and cessation-related responses (eg, forgoing use vs none) to cigarette and HTP warnings. Each outcome was analysed separately by product use frequency and survey year, adjusting for sociodemographics and quit intentions, with model-implied estimates derived using post-estimation commands.Results As warnings were updated from 2020 to 2023, attention increased for both products, including noticing warnings for cigarettes (37% to 50%) and HTPs (26% to 50%), but cessation-related responses generally decreased, particularly for HTPs (eg, agreement that warnings make quitting HTPs more likely decreased from 20% to 12%). People who reported weekly use (vs daily use) consistently showed lower attention but higher cessation-related responses for both products.Conclusions Despite growing attention to warnings over time, cognitive and cessation-related responses to warnings declined from 2020 to 2023, especially for HTPs. These findings suggest attenuation of warning effects and the potential need to expand the warning content.

Radiologic and Clinical Predictors of Reoperation Following Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic Spine Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2026-03-26T01:58:40Z

Title: Radiologic and Clinical Predictors of Reoperation Following Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic Spine Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study Authors: Shin, Jun Jae; Kim, Keonhee; Park, Se Jun; Jeong, Won Joo; Yoo, Sun Joon; Shin, Dong Ah; Shin, Joongkyum; Jang, Hyun Jun; Chin, Dong Kyu Abstract: Purpose Unilateral biportal endoscopic discectomy (UBE) is an effective and minimally invasive technique for the treatment of degenerative lumbar diseases. However, reoperation may be required, and evidence on how risk factors vary according to the timing of reoperation remains limited. This study aimed to identify the clinical and radiologic factors associated with short-term (<6 months) and long-term (>= 6 months) reoperations following UBE. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included 80 patients who underwent reoperation after UBE between January 2016 and December 2023 with a minimum 24-month follow-up. The patients were classified into short-term and long-term reoperation groups. Clinical and radiologic parameters, including disc degeneration grade, facet joint osteoarthritis grade, and comorbidities, were compared between groups. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate preoperative factors predicting postoperative functional improvement. Results Reoperations were performed for incomplete decompression (27.5%), facet cysts (10.0%), recurrent herniation (8.8%), restenosis (8.0%), and postoperative instability (43.7%). Long-term reoperation was associated with greater disc degeneration, a higher grade of facet joint osteoarthritis, and a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM). Short-term reoperation was mainly due to inadequate decompression, whereas long-term reoperation was largely attributable to postoperative instability. Multivariable analysis identified a higher preoperative grade of facet joint osteoarthritis as a predictor of postoperative functional improvement. Conclusion Short-term reoperation after UBE is primarily related to inadequate decompression, whereas long-term reoperation is linked to advanced disc degeneration, severe facet joint osteoarthritis, postoperative instability, and DM. These findings highlight the importance of thorough preoperative assessment of facet arthropathy and disc degeneration, ensuring adequate initial decompression, and careful postoperative management, particularly in patients with DM.