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Agmatine-reduced collagen scar area accompanied with surface righting reflex recovery after complete transection spinal cord injury

Authors
 Kim, Jae Hwan  ;  Lee, Yong Woo  ;  Park, Yu Mi  ;  Park, Kyung Ah  ;  Park, Seung Hwa  ;  Lee, Won Taek  ;  Lee, Jong Eun 
Citation
 SPINE, Vol.36(25) : 2130-2138, 2011 
Journal Title
SPINE
ISSN
 0362-2436 
Issue Date
2011
MeSH
Agmatine/pharmacology* ; Animals ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7/metabolism ; Cicatrix/metabolism ; Cicatrix/pathology ; Cicatrix/prevention & control* ; Collagen/metabolism* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Motor Activity/drug effects ; Recovery of Function/drug effects ; Recovery of Function/physiology ; Reflex, Righting/drug effects* ; Reflex, Righting/physiology ; Spinal Cord/drug effects ; Spinal Cord/metabolism ; Spinal Cord/surgery ; Spinal Cord Injuries/metabolism ; Spinal Cord Injuries/physiopathology ; Spinal Cord Injuries/prevention & control* ; Thoracic Vertebrae/surgery ; Transforming Growth Factor beta2/metabolism
Keywords
agmatine ; spinal cord injury ; neuroprotection ; TGF
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN: Intended to investigate whether agmatine treatment reduces collagen scar area in mice subjected to spinal cord injury (SCI).

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study is to demonstrate the protective effect of agmatine on complete transection SCI mice. SUMMARY OF BACK GROUND DATA: The deposition of collagen that occurs at the lesion site, during the SCI, was well known. Agmatine has been reported to exert neuroprotective effect in various stress models including central nervous system injuries. In the present investigation, we hypothesized that agmatine treatment could rescue the mice subjected to SCI.

METHODS: Complete SCI was made at the T9 level. Agmatine was dissolved in normal saline (100 mg/kg, Sigma, St. Louis, MO) and given intraperitoneally 5 minutes after complete transection daily for 4 weeks (agmatine-treated mice, n = 30). Controls received normal saline in the same manner (experimental control, n = 30). Surface righting reflex test, expression of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7), TGFβ-2 (transforming growth factor β-2), and collagen scar area were measured and the results were compared with Mann-Whitney U test using SAS.

RESULTS: Agmatine treatment improved the surface righting reflex of mice at 4 weeks after SCI (P = 0.030). The collagen scar, physical barrier to axon regeneration, was noticeably diminished by agmatine treatment at 4 weeks after SCI (P = 0.001). The expression of BMP-7, which is considered both neuroprotective and neuroregenerative, was increased in agmatine treatment group compared with experimental control group in the early stages after SCI (P = 0.015 at 1 day after SCI; P = 0.010 at 3 days; P = 0.035 at 1 week; P = 0.826 at 2 weeks). The expression of TGFβ-2 correlated with the deposition of the collagen matrix at the lesion site was decreased with agmatine treatment at 1 and 2 weeks after SCI (P = 0.001 at 1 week; P = 0.002 at 2 weeks). Survival rate was found to be higher in agmatine treatment group than in the experimental control group for 4 weeks after SCI (P = 0.076).

CONCLUSION: These results suggest that agmatine treatment could support neuroregeneration by reducing the collagen scar area through decreasing the expression of TGFβ-2 and increasing the expression of BMP-7 after SCI. Especially, the improved surface righting reflex of agmatine-treated group proposes that agmatine treatment have the potency to facilitate functional recovery after SCI. However, the drug (agmatine) warrants further investigation in higher mammals.
Full Text
http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&AN=00007632-201112010-00005&LSLINK=80&D=ovft
DOI
10.1097/BRS.0b013e318205e3f7
Appears in Collections:
1. College of Medicine (의과대학) > Dept. of Anatomy (해부학교실) > 1. Journal Papers
1. College of Medicine (의과대학) > Dept. of Internal Medicine (내과학교실) > 1. Journal Papers
Yonsei Authors
Park, Kyung Ah(박경아)
Park, Yu Mi(박유미)
Lee, Won Taek(이원택) ORCID logo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7348-9562
Lee, Jong Eun(이종은) ORCID logo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6203-7413
URI
https://ir.ymlib.yonsei.ac.kr/handle/22282913/94769
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