Factors Predictive of Adverse Events Following Endoscopic Papillary Large Balloon Dilation: Results from a Multicenter Series
Authors
Soo Jung Park ; Jin Hong Kim ; Jae Chul Hwang ; Ho Gak Kim ; Don Haeng Lee ; Seok Jeong ; Sang-Woo Cha ; Young Deok Cho ; Hong Ja Kim ; Jong Hyeok Kim ; Jong Ho Moon ; Sang-Heum Park ; Takao Itoi ; Hiroyuki Isayama ; Hirofumi Kogure ; Se Joon Lee ; Kyo Tae Jung ; Hye Sun Lee ; Todd H. Baron ; Dong Ki Lee
Citation
DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES, Vol.58(4) : 1100-1109, 2013
BACKGROUND:
Lack of established guidelines for endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation (EPLBD) may be a reason for aversion of its use in removal of large common bile duct (CBD) stones.
AIMS:
We sought to identify factors predictive of adverse events (AEs) following EPLBD.
METHODS:
This multicenter retrospective study investigated 946 consecutive patients who underwent attempted removal of CBD stones ≥10 mm in size using EPLBD (balloon size 12-20 mm) with or without endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) at 12 academic medical centers in Korea and Japan.
RESULTS:
Ninety-five (10.0 %) patients exhibited AEs including bleeding in 56, pancreatitis in 24, perforation in nine, and cholangitis in six; 90 (94.7 %) of these were classified as mild or moderate in severity. There were four deaths, three as a result of perforation and one due to delayed massive bleeding. Causative factors identified in fatal cases were full-EST and continued balloon inflation despite a persistent waist seen fluoroscopically. Multivariate analyses showed that cirrhosis (OR 8.03, p = 0.003), length of EST (full-EST: OR 6.22, p < 0.001) and stone size (≥16 mm: OR 4.00, p < 0.001) were associated with increased bleeding, and distal CBD stricture (OR 17.08, p < 0.001) was an independent predictor for perforation. On the other hand, balloon size was associated with deceased pancreatitis (≥14 mm: OR 0.27, p = 0.015).
CONCLUSIONS:
EPLBD appears to be a safe and effective therapeutic approach for retrieval of large stones in patients without distal CBD strictures and when performed without full-EST.