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Agmatine Modulates the Phenotype of Macrophage Acute Phase after Spinal Cord Injury in Rats

Authors
 Jae Hwan Kim  ;  Jae Young Kim  ;  Chin Hee Mun  ;  Minah Suh  ;  Jong Eun Lee 
Citation
 EXPERIMENTAL NEUROBIOLOGY, Vol.26(5) : 278-286, 2017 
Journal Title
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROBIOLOGY
ISSN
 1226-2560 
Issue Date
2017
Keywords
Agmatine ; M2 polarization ; Macrophage ; Neuroinflammation ; Spinal cord injury
Abstract
Agmatine is a decarboxylated arginine by arginine decarboxylase. Agmatine is known to be a neuroprotective agent. It has been reported that agmatine works as a NMDA receptor blocker or a competitive nitric oxide synthase inhibitor in CNS injuries. In spinal cord injury, agmatine showed reduction of neuropathic pain, improvement of locomotor function, and neuroprotection. Macrophage is a key cellular component in neuroinflammation, a major cause of impairment after spinal cord injury. Macrophage has subtypes, M1 and M2 macrophages. M1 macrophage induces a pro-inflammatory response, but M2 inspires an anti-inflammatory response. In this study, it was clarified whether the neuroprotective effect of agmatine is related with the modulation of macrophage subdivision after spinal cord injury. Spinal cord injury was induced in rats with contusion using MASCIS. Animals received agmatine (100 mg/kg, IP) daily for 6 days beginning the day after spinal cord injury. The proportion of M1 and M2 macrophages are confirmed with immunohistochemistry and FACS. CD206+ & ED1+ cells were counted as M2 macrophages. The systemic treatment of agmatine increased M2 macrophages caudal side to epicenter 1 week after spinal cord injury in immunohistochemistry. M2 macrophage related markers, Arginase-1 and CD206 mRNA, were increased in the agmatine treatment group and M2 macrophage expressing and stimulated cytokine, IL-10 mRNA, also was significantly overexpressed by agmatine injection. Among BMPs, BMP2/4/7, agmatine significantly increased only the expression of BMP2 known to reduce M1 macrophage under inflammatory status. These results suggest that agmatine reduces impairment after spinal cord injury through modulating the macrophage phenotype.
Files in This Item:
T201704282.pdf Download
DOI
10.5607/en.2017.26.5.278
Appears in Collections:
1. College of Medicine (의과대학) > Dept. of Anatomy (해부학교실) > 1. Journal Papers
Yonsei Authors
Lee, Jong Eun(이종은) ORCID logo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6203-7413
URI
https://ir.ymlib.yonsei.ac.kr/handle/22282913/161201
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