Preparation of calcium aluminate cement for hard tissue repair: effects of lithium fluoride and maleic acid on setting behavior, compressive strength, and biocompatibility

Abstract

We investigated lithium fluoride (LiF) and maleic acid (MA) containing calcium aluminate cement (CAC) for hard tissue repair. The objective of this study is to estimate the addition effects of LiF and MA on setting behavior, compressive strength, and biocompatibility of CAC and to find the most compatible composition of LiF and MA for using CAC as a new bone cement. The CAC was composed mainly of CaO · Al2O3. Samples of LiF and MA containing CAC were formed along with recording of setting time and peak temperature and then set cement was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Agar diffusion test, tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and hemolysis test were used to detect initial in vitro biocompatibility of LiF and MA containing CAC. It was revealed from the results that LiF shortened setting time and decreased compressive strength, whereas MA delayed setting time and increased compressive strength. However, LiF and MA showed no or little influence on maximum temperature of CAC. CAC containing 0.5 g of LiF and 8.75 g of MA showed the highest compressive strength (111.64 ± 7.74 MPa) across all the experimental compositions. The CACs containing 0.5 g of LiF/8.75 g of MA and 1.01 g LiF/8.75 g of MA had no cytotoxicity and hemolysis. In this study, CAC with 0.5 g of LiF and 8.75g of MA showed the most compatible properties for using bone cement, and thus it was assessed a candidate for a new bone cement along with CAC.