당뇨교육이 환자의 당뇨병에 대한 지식 및 가족지지 인지도와 역할 행위에 미치는 영향

Abstract

[한글]

당뇨병은 만성 대사성 질환으로 합병증을 예방하고 건강한 생활을 영위하기 위해서 환자 자신과 그 가족이 당뇨병에 대한 지식, 식이요법, 약물요법, 운동요법 및 자가관리에 관해 잘 알고 있어야 할뿐아니라 환자 역할 행위도 잘 이행하는 것이 필수적이라 할 수

있다.

그러므로 본 연구는 여러 종합병뭔에서 당뇨 교실이 개설되어 운영되고 있는바, 당뇨환자와 그 가족들을 대상으로 실시된 당뇨교육이 환자의 질병에 대한 지식, 가족지지 인지도와 환자 역할 행위에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 파악하고, 이에 관련된 요인들을 비교 분석하기 위해 시도되었다.

연구방법은 유사 실험 연구로서 비동등성 대조군 전후 설계를 하였으며, 대전직할시에 있는 E종합병원에서 통원치료를 받고 있는 당뇨환자 44 명을 연구 대상으로 하였다. 실험군은 환자와 그 가족에게 당뇨 교육을 2-3 회 실시한 후 사후조사를 시행하고, 대조군은 사전조사후 2-4 주 후 추후 병원 방문시 사후조사를 시행하여 비교하였다.

연구도구는 구조화된 설문지를 사용하였으며 직접 면접을 통해 작성되었다. 수집된 자료의 분석은 당뇨 교육의 효과에 대한 가설검정을 위하여 t-검정과 Pearson Correlation 으로 하였다. 그밖에 환자 역할 행위 이행에 영향을 주는 요인을 확인하기 위하여 t-검정, AN0VA 로 분석하였고, 환자 역할 행위 이행에 영향을 미치는 주요 예측인자를 파악하기 위해 Stepwise Multiple Regression 을 사용하였다.

연구 결과 요약은 다음과 같다.

제 1 가설 : "당뇨 교육을 받은 집단이 교육을 받지 않은 집단보다 질병에 대한 지식 정도가 높을 것이다."는 지지되었다. ( t = 4.93 , p< .001 )

제 2 가설 : "당뇨 교육을 받은 집단이 교육을 받지 않은 집단보다 가족지지 인지도가 높을 것이다."는 지지되지 않았다. ( t = - 1.39, p > .05 )

제 3 가설 : "당뇨 교육을 받은 집단이 교육을 받지 않은 집단보다 환자 역할 행위 이행 정도가 높을 것이다."는 지지되었다. ( t = 2.45, p < .05 )

제 4 가설 : "당뇨병에 대한 지식 수준이 높을수록 환자 역할 행위이행 정도가 높을 것이다."는 지지되었다. ( r = .50, p < .001 )

제 5 가설 : "인지된 가족지지가 높을수록 환자 역할 행위 이행정도가 높을 것이다."는 지지되었다. ( r = .38, p < .01 )

인구학적 변수와 구조적 변수에서 교육수준이 유일하게 환자 역할행위 이행에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 확인되었으며, 환자 역할 행위이행에 영향을 미치는 가장 중요한 인자는 지식이었고, 다음이 가족지지 인지도였으나 33 % 만 설명할 수 있었다. 따라서 그외에 이행에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 요인을 연구해야 할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 이행에 영향을 미치는 가족지지 인지도를 높일 수 있는 요인을 연구해야 할 것으로 생각된다.

대상자들이 가장 행하기 어려운 치료 행위는 식이요법임이 확인되었으며, 당뇨 교육이 환자의 지식과 환자 역할 행위 이행을 증진시켰고 혈당을 조절하는데 중요한 변수로 작용했음이 확인되었다.

The Effects of Education on Diabetic Knowledge, Family Support

Perceived by The Patient and Sick-rele Behavior in Diabetic Patients

Chung, Nam Youn

Dept. of Nursing Education The Graduate School Education YonSei University

(directed by Professor Chung, Hyun Seok)

This study examined the effect of diabetic education on knowledge, family support

perceived by the patient and sick-role behavior in diabetic patients.

The purpose was to improve patient compliance, family support perceived by the

patient and diabetic knowledge.

This study was a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design.

The subjects, consisting of 44 diabetic patients diagnosed in a hospital located

in Taejeon city, were divided into experimental and control groups.

Data were gathered through interviews using questionnares from April 12th to May

20th, 1989.

In the group receiving the diabetic education, the diabetic patients received

education about diabetes, diet therapy, dugs, self-care , injection of insulin,

complications and physical therapy by a nurse and a dietician for one-half hours

per week for three weeks. The instruments used for this study were a perceived

family support scale, a diabetic knowledge scale, and a compliance scale developed

by the researcher.

Analysis of data was done using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients,

Stepwise Multiple Regression analysis and Paired-t test.

The results of this study were as follows ;

1. Hypothesis Testing

The first hypothesis that diabetic education will increase knowledge of diabetes

in diabetic patients was supported. (t=4.93, p< .001)

The second hypothesis that diabetic education will increase family support

perceived by patient in diabetic patients was not supported. (t= -1.39, p>.05)

The third hypothesis that diabetic education will increase compliance level in

diabetic patients was supported. (t=2.45, p< .05)

The fourth hypothesis that the higher the diabetic knowledge, the higher the

compliance with appropriate sick-role behavior in diabetic patients was supported.

(r= .50, p< .001)

The fifth hypothesis that the higher family support perceived by patients, the

higher the compliance with appropriate sick-role behavior in diabetic patients was

supported. (r= .38, p< .01)

2. Factors influencing perceived compliance with appropriate sick-role behavior

were knowledge of diabetes, perceived family support, and education level.

In conclusion, it was found that diabetic education increased knowledge of

diabetes, compliance with appropriate sick-role behavior in diabetic patients, and

influenced to control blood sugar level.

[영문]

This study examined the effect of diabetic education on knowledge, family support perceived by the patient and sick-role behavior in diabetic patients.

The purpose was to improve patient compliance, family support perceived by the patient and diabetic knowledge.

This study was a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design.

The subjects, consisting of 44 diabetic patients diagnosed in a hospital located in Taejeon city, were divided into experimental and control groups.

Data were gathered through interviews using questionnares from April 12th to May 20th, 1989.

In the group receiving the diabetic education, the diabetic patients received education about diabetes, diet therapy, dugs, self-care , injection of insulin, complications and physical therapy by a nurse and a dietician for one-half hours per week for three weeks. The instruments used for this study were a perceived family support scale, a diabetic knowledge scale, and a compliance scale developed by the researcher.

Analysis of data was done using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, Stepwise Multiple Regression analysis and Paired-t test.

The results of this study were as follows ;

1. Hypothesis Testing

The first hypothesis that diabetic education will increase knowledge of diabetes in diabetic patients was supported. (t=4.93, p< .001)

The second hypothesis that diabetic education will increase family support perceived by patient in diabetic patients was not supported. (t= -1.39, p>.05) The third hypothesis that diabetic education will increase compliance level in diabetic patients was supported. (t=2.45, p< .05)

The fourth hypothesis that the higher the diabetic knowledge, the higher the compliance with appropriate sick-role behavior in diabetic patients was supported.(r= .50, p< .001)

The fifth hypothesis that the higher family support perceived by patients, the higher the compliance with appropriate sick-role behavior in diabetic patients was supported. (r= .38, p< .01)

2. Factors influencing perceived compliance with appropriate sick-role behavior were knowledge of diabetes, perceived family support, and education level.

In conclusion, it was found that diabetic education increased knowledge of diabetes, compliance with appropriate sick-role behavior in diabetic patients, and influenced to control blood sugar level.