일 지역 성인의 영적 안녕, 희망 및 건강상태에 관한 관계연구

Abstract

[한글]

간호나 건강분야에서 전인에 대한 개념은 오래전부터 주장되어왔으나 인간으로서의 환자로 보는 것과 환자들의 영적 관심이나 신에 대한 생각을 이해하기보다는 의학과 기계에 의존적인 경우가 대부분이다.

본 연구는 간호의 대상자인 일반 성인들의 영적 안녕 상태뿐만 아니라 간호의 제공자인 간호사의 영적 안녕을 파악하고 영적 안녕과 심리적 안녕의 변수로서 희망의 정도와 건강과의 관계를 규명함으로써 간호실무의 측면에서 영적 건강사정과 간호수행에 참고자료를 제공하고 간호사들의 영적 간호수행능력의 증진을 위한 기본간호교육과정과 실무교육의 내용과 방향을 재조정하는데 이용하며 간호학에서의 전인적 인간이해를 증진시키기 쉬해 시도되었다.

기존의 연구에서 밝혀진 내용들을 살펴보면 영적 안녕이 희망과 긍정적인 관계를 갖고 있으며 또한 건강상태와도 긍정적인 관계를 갖고 있는 것으로 밝혀졌으며 부정적인 심리적 변수들과는 역상관 관계를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 이를 바탕으로 설정한 본 연구의 구

체적인 가설은 다음과 같다.

1) 영적 안녕의 점수가 높을수록 희망점수가 높을 것이다.

2) 영적 안녕 점수가 높을수록 주관적으로 지각하는 건강상태가 좋을 것이다.

3) 간호사의 영적 안녕 점수가 일반성인의 영적 안녕 점수보다 높을 것이다.

위의 가설을 검정하기 위한 연구방법으로 질문지조사방법을 이용하였으며, 연구대상은 무작위로 추출된 15세에서 75세 사이의 성인남여 354명과 임상간호사 277명이다.

영적 안녕 척도는 평정척도로 구성된 27개의 문항으로 이루어졌으며 이는 실존적 안녕 10개 문항과 종교적 안녕 10개의 문항으로 구성되어있다. 희망척도는 29개의 항목으로 조사하였으며 주관적 건강상태는 5점척도로 구성하여 조사하였다. 이 외에 인구학적 특성과

사회적 특성으로 연령, 성별, 교육정도, 직업, 결혼여부 그리고 종교를 조사하였다. 조사는 4명의 훈련된 조사원으로 하여금 1990년 8월 5일부터 8월 20까지 15일간 이루어졌으며, 대상자에게 조사의 목적과 취지를 설명한 후 자기기입식의 방법을 이용하여 질문지를

작성토록 하였다.

자료의 분석은 SPSS의 통계적 방법을 사용하여 대상자의 일반적 특성과 영적안녕, 희망점수 그리고 건강상태에 대한 점수를 기술통계방법으로 분석하였으며, 일반성인과 간호사의 영적안녕, 희망, 건강상태의 비교는 t-test를 이용하여 분석하였다. 그리고 가설의 검정 및 영적안녕에 영향을 미치는 인구사회학적 변수를 확인하기 위해 평균간의 차이 분석(t-test), 상관관계 분석(Pearson correlation), 분산분석(analysis of variance)을 이용하였다.

연구결과는 다음과 같다.

연구도구의 검증에서 Cronbach's alpha coefficient를 사용하여 신뢰도를 검정한 결과 영적안녕 도구는 Cronbach's α=0.91, 종교적 안녕은 Cronbach's α=0.91, 실존적 안녕은 Cronbach's α=0.80을 나타내었고, 희망 측정도구는 Cronbach's α=0.87이었다.

1. 본 연구대상자인 일반성인의 영적 안녕정도의 평균치는 득점가능범위 20-120점에서 87.97(SD=16.87)이었고, 영적 안녕의 구성요소인 종교적 안녕의 평균치는 득점가능범위 10-60점에서 39.12(SD=11.36), 실존적 안녕의 평균치는 득점가능범위 10-60점에서 42.57(SD=7.62)이었다. 비교집단인 간호사의 경우 영적 안녕이 80.23(SD=14.81), 종교적 안녕이 38.06(SD=9.92), 실존적 안녕이 41.90(SD=6.85)로서 두집단 모두 종교적 안녕보다 실존적 안녕의 점수가 높았다.

2. 희망에 대한 지각정도는 일반성인의 평균치가 득점가능범위 29-116점중 85.81(SD=9.51)이었고, 간호사는 83.73(SD=8.49)로서 일반 성인들이 지각한 희망정도가 간호사보다 통계적으로 유의하게 높았다.

3. 주관적인 건강상태에 대한 지각정도는 일반성인에서 좋은 편으로 응답한 율이 39.7%이었는데, 간호사 집단은 50.5%로 주관적 건강상태의 지각수준은 간호사가 일반성인보다 통계적으로 유의하게 높았다.

4. 영적 안녕과 희망과의 관계를 규명하기 위한 가설을 검정한 결과 일반성인, 간호사, 전체대상자 모두에서 영적 안녕과 희망간에는 순상관 관계를 나타내었다.

5. 영적 안녕과 건강상태와의 관계를 규명하기 위한 가설을 검정한 결과 일반성인, 간호사, 전체집단 모두에서 영적 안녕 점수와 건강상태간에는 약한 순상관 관계를 보였다.

6. 일반성인과 간호사의 영적 안녕 점수를 비교한 결과 일반성인의 영적 안녕 평균치(81.97점)가 간호사의 평균치(80.23점)보다 높았으나 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다.

7. 인구학적 변인에 따른 영적 안녕 정도를 파악한 결과 결혼상태, 종교가 일반성인과 간호사 집단 모두에서 통계적으로 유의한 변인으로 나타났다. 결혼상태는 기혼자가 미혼자보다, 종교의 경우 유종교집단이 무종교집단보다 영적 안녕 점수가 더 높았다.

8. 인구학적 변인에 따른 희망정도를 파악해 본 결과 성별, 연령, 직업, 종교, 학력, 건강상태 등에 따라 희망정도가 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타내었다.

이상의 결과를 바탕으로 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다.

첫째, 영적안녕은 심리적 변수인 희망과 강한 순상관관계가 있다.

둘째, 영적안녕은 전반적인 건강상태와 상관관계가 있다.

셋째, 영적안녕에 영향을 미치는 인구학적 변인은 종교, 연령, 성별이다.

넷째, 간호사의 영적안녕정도는 일반성인의 영적안녕정도와 차이가 없다.

본 연구에서 간호사의 영적 안녕수준과 희망정도가 일반성인보다 낮게 나오게 된 요인을 간호교육과정이나 실무와 관련지어 찾을 수 있으므로 앞으로 이에 대한 연구를 해볼 것을 제안한다. 또한 본 연구에서 사용한 도구는 그 동안 영성에 관해 개발된 여러 측정

도구중 가장 많이 사용되고 있는 도구로써 본 연구결과가 선행연구결과와 일치되어 나타났으므로 다양한 대상자들을 통해 반복 연구할 것을 제안한다.

A CORRELATI0NAL STUDY ON SPIRITUAL WELLBEING, HOPE AND PERCEIVED HEALTH STATUS OF

URBAN ADULTS

CHOI, SANGSOON

DEPARTMENT OF NURSING THE GRADUATE SCHOOL YONSEI UNIVERSITY

(DIRECTED BY PROFESSOR CHOI, YUN-SOON, Ph. D)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between spiritual

wellbeing and hope, and perceived health status of adults urban residents. Subjects

for this study were 353 adults residents sampled from an urban and 277 sampled

nurses who served as the as control group. Data was collected from August 5, 1990

to August 20, 1990 using a self-reporting questionnaire managed by a trained

interviewer

The measurment tool for spiritual wellbeing was a self-report questionnaire which

consisted of 20 questions as 6 point Likert scale developed by Palautzian and

Ellison(1982). The tool used do measure hope was a questionnaire consisting of s 4

point Likert scale. These tools were used after consultation with related

professionals.

The collected data was prepared for computer analysis and analyzed using

appropriate statistical methods. General characteristics, spiritual wellbeing, hope

and perceived health status are analyzed by descriptive statistical methods. For

hypothesis testing t-test, Pearson correlation and analysis of variance are used.

The result of this study are as follows:

To test of reliability of the measurement tools, Cronbach's alpha was used.

Cronbach's α for spiritual wellbeing was 0.91. for religious wellness, 0.91, for

existential wellness, 0.80 and for hope, 0.87.

1.The mean score for spiritual wellbeing in the adult group was 81.97(SD=16.87)

of a possible range of 20-120. Among the components of spiritual wellbeing, the

mean score for religious wellbeing was 39.12(SD=11.36) of a possible range of

10-60, and for existential wellbeing, 42.57(SD=7.02). The mean score for spiritual

wellbeing in the nurse group as a comparison was 80.23(SD=14.81), and for religious

wellbeing, 38.06(SD=9.92), and for existential wellbeing,41.90(SD=6.85). The mean

score for existential wellbeing was higher than that of religious wellbeing in both

groups(adults and nurses).

2. The mean score for hope in the adult group was 85.81(SD=9.51),and in the nurse

group, 83.73(SD=8.49), and this was statistically significant.

3. The response rate on good health for the perceived health status questions in

adult group, 39.7%, and in the nurse group, 50.5%. The perceived health status in

the nurse group was better than in adult group.

4. In testing the hypothesis concerning the relationship between spiritual

wellbeing and hope, there was a strong positive correlation in both the adults and

the nurse group. In a comparison of coeffients of religious, existential wellbeing

and hope, there was more stronger correlation in existential wellbeing then in the

other two

5. In testing the hypothesis concerning the relationship between spiritual

wellbeing and perceived health status, there was a weak positive correlation in

both groups.

6. The mean score for spiritual wellbeing in nurse group was higher than that in

adult group and the difference was statistically significant.

7. There were statistically significant differences in spiritual werllbeing

according to marital status and religious affiliation, but there was no difference

according to the other demographic characteristics of sex, age, occupation and

educational level.

8. There were statistically significant differences in hope according to sex,

age, occupation, educational level, and perceived healths status.

From the above results it can be conclude that:

First, there was strong positive correlation between spiritual wellbeing and hope

as psychological variable

Second, there was correlation between spiritual wellbeing and perceived health

status.

Third, religious affiliation, age and sex as demographic characteristics affect

spiritual wellbeing.

Fourth, There was no difference for spiritual wellbeing between the nurse group

and the adult group.

[영문]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between spiritual wellbeing and hope, and perceived health status of adults urban residents. Subjects for this study were 353 adults residents sampled from an urban and 277 sampled

nurses who served as the as control group. Data was collected from August 5, 1990 to August 20, 1990 using a self-reporting questionnaire managed by a trained interviewer

The measurment tool for spiritual wellbeing was a self-report questionnaire which consisted of 20 questions as 6 point Likert scale developed by Palautzian and Ellison(1982). The tool used do measure hope was a questionnaire consisting of s 4 point Likert scale. These tools were used after consultation with related

professionals.

The collected data was prepared for computer analysis and analyzed using appropriate statistical methods. General characteristics, spiritual wellbeing, hope and perceived health status are analyzed by descriptive statistical methods. For

hypothesis testing t-test, Pearson correlation and analysis of variance are used.

The result of this study are as follows:

To test of reliability of the measurement tools, Cronbach's alpha was used.

Cronbach's α for spiritual wellbeing was 0.91. for religious wellness, 0.91, for existential wellness, 0.80 and for hope, 0.87.

1.The mean score for spiritual wellbeing in the adult group was 81.97(SD=16.87) of a possible range of 20-120. Among the components of spiritual wellbeing, the mean score for religious wellbeing was 39.12(SD=11.36) of a possible range of 10-60, and for existential wellbeing, 42.57(SD=7.02). The mean score for spiritual wellbeing in the nurse group as a comparison was 80.23(SD=14.81), and for religious wellbeing, 38.06(SD=9.92), and for existential wellbeing,41.90(SD=6.85). The mean score for existential wellbeing was higher than that of religious wellbeing in both groups(adults and nurses).

2. The mean score for hope in the adult group was 85.81(SD=9.51),and in the nurse group, 83.73(SD=8.49), and this was statistically significant.

3. The response rate on good health for the perceived health status questions in adult group, 39.7%, and in the nurse group, 50.5%. The perceived health status in the nurse group was better than in adult group.

4. In testing the hypothesis concerning the relationship between spiritual wellbeing and hope, there was a strong positive correlation in both the adults and the nurse group. In a comparison of coeffients of religious, existential wellbeing

and hope, there was more stronger correlation in existential wellbeing then in the other two

5. In testing the hypothesis concerning the relationship between spiritual wellbeing and perceived health status, there was a weak positive correlation in both groups.

6. The mean score for spiritual wellbeing in nurse group was higher than that in adult group and the difference was statistically significant.

7. There were statistically significant differences in spiritual werllbeing according to marital status and religious affiliation, but there was no difference according to the other demographic characteristics of sex, age, occupation and

educational level.

8. There were statistically significant differences in hope according to sex, age, occupation, educational level, and perceived healths status.

From the above results it can be conclude that:

First, there was strong positive correlation between spiritual wellbeing and hope as psychological variable

Second, there was correlation between spiritual wellbeing and perceived health status.

Third, religious affiliation, age and sex as demographic characteristics affect spiritual wellbeing.

Fourth, There was no difference for spiritual wellbeing between the nurse group and the adult group.