1) 각 발달단계별로 문제가 발생한 영역을 알아본 결과는 가옥과 위생, 식습관, 기사운영, 예방적관리, 치아관리는 발달단계별 구분없이 전체적으로 문제가 많이 발생했으며, 이외에 1단계는 사고 예방, 2단계는 예방접종과 가족계획, 3단계는 예방접종, 모성보건,
가족계획, 유아 및 학령전 아동보건, 4단계와 5단계는 예방접종, 가족계획, 학령기 아동보건, 6단계는 예방접종과 학령기 아동보건의 영역에서 문제가 많이 발생했다.
2) 각 발달단계별 간호요구영역에서의 간호요구도를 알아본 결과는 급만성질환 1단계를 제외하고는 발달단계별 구분없이 전체적으로 간호요구도가 중등도 이상이다. 이외에 1단계는 모성보건, 3단계는 가옥과 위생, 사고예방, 4단계는 가옥과 위생, 5단계는 가옥과
위생, 진단 및 의료, 6단계는 진단 및 의료, 7단계는 진단 및 의료, 가사운영, 8단계는 가옥과 위생, 사고예방, 진단 및 의료, 차아관리, 식습관, 가사운영의 영역에서 중등도 이상의 간호요구를 가졌다.
3) 각 발달단계별로 간호요구영역에서의 해결능력도를 알아본 결과는 1단계는 진단 및 의료, 모성보건, 2단계는 사고예방, 급만성질환, 치아관리, 3단계는 가옥과 위생, 급만성질환, 진단 및 의료, 예방적관리, 치아관리, 모성보건, 유아 및 학령전 아동보건, 식습관의 영역에서 5단계는 가옥과 위생, 사고예방, 급만성질환, 진단 및 의료, 예방적관리, 치아관리, 예방접종, 모성보건, 식습관의 영역에서 중등도이하의 해결능력을 가졌다. 7단계와 8단계는 문제가 발생하지 않았던 영역을 제외한 9개 영역 즉 가옥과 위생, 사고예방,
급만성질환,진단 및 의료, 예방적관리, 치아관리, 예방접종, 식습관, 가사운영의 영역에서 중등도 이하의 해결능력을 가졌다.
3. 가족발달단계별 간호요구영역전체에서의 문제발생 및 간호요구도와 해결능력도를 알아본 결과는
1) 문제발생은 1단계를 제외하고는 단계가 높아질수록 낮아졌고
2) 간호요구도는 단계가 높아질수록 낮아졌으며
3) 해결능력도는 7단계와 8단계를 제외하고는 단계가 높아질수록 높아졌다.
결론적으로 발달단계별로 가족의 간호계획을 세울때는 문제발생이 높고 중등이상의 간호요구와 중등도 이하의 해결능력을 가진 간호요구영역에서, 그리고 발달단계가 높은 가족보다는 낮은 가족에게, 그리고 간호요구도에 비해 해결능력도가 낮은 7단계와 8단계에 간호사업의 우선순위를 두어야 한다.
Study of The Area of Nursing Need by the Family Developmental Stage
Choi, Boo Ok
Department of Nursing Graduate School of Yonsei University
(Directed by Professor Hong, Shin Young)
The Community Health Service considers the family as a service unit and places
the emphasis of its service on the health problems and the nursing needs of the
family rather than the individual.
From the conceptual point of view that the community health service is both
health maintenance and health promotion, of the family, the community health nurse
should have a knowledge of the growth and development of the family and be
responsible for the comprehensive support of normal family development. The
communtity health nurse often is in a position to make a real contribution to
normal family development.
In order to investigate the relationship between the areas of nursing need and
family need and family development, the following objectives were established.
1. To discover the general characteristics of the study population by the stage
of family development.
2. To discover specific nursing needs in relation to the family developmental
stage, and to determine the intensity of the nursing needs and the ability of the
family to cope with these needs.
3. To discover overall family health nursing problems in relation to the family
developmenal stage and determine the intensity of the nursing need and the problem
solving ability of the family.
Definitions
The family developmental stage as classified by Duvall were used.
stage 1. Narried couples (without children)
stage 2. Childbearing Families (oldest chily birth to 30 months of age)
stage 3. Families with preschool children (oldest child 2½ to 6 years)
stage 4. Families with schoolchildren (oldest child 6 to 13 years)
stage 5. Families with teenagers (oldest child 13 to 20 years)
stage 6. Families as launching centers (first child gone to last child's leaving
home)
stage 7. Middle-aged parents (empty nest to retirement)
stage 8. Aging family members (retirement to death of both spouses)
The areas of nuring need were defined as those used in the study, "A
Comprehensive Study", by the Nursing Research Institute and Center for Population
and Family Planning, July 1974.
The study population defined and selected were 260 nuclear family in two myun of
Kang Hwa Island.
Percent, mean value and F-test were utilized in the statistical analysis of the
study results.
Findings :
A. General characteristics of the study population by the family developmental
stage
1) The study population was distributed by the family developmental stage as
follows :
stage 1 : 3 families
stage 2 : 13 families
stage 3 : 24 families
stage 4 : 41 families
stage 5 : 50 families
stage 6 : 106 families
stage 7 : 13 families
stage 8 : 10 families
2) Most families had 4 or 5 members except for those in stages 1, 7, and 8.
3) The parents' present age was older in the higher developmental stages and
their age at marriage was also younger in the higher developmental stages.
4) The educational level of parents was primarily less than elementary school
irrespective of the developmental stages.
5) More than half of the parents' occupations were listed as lahorers
irrespective of the developmental stages.
6) More than half of the parents were athiests irrespective of the developmental
stages.
7) The higher the developmental stages (from stage 2 to stage 6), the wider the
distribution of children's ages.
8) More than half of the families were of midde or lower socio-economic level.
B. Problems in specific areas of family developmental stage, the inbensity of
nursing need and the problem solving ability of the family :
1) As whole, many problems, irrespective of the developmental stage, occurred in
the areas of Housing and Sanitation, Eating Patterns, Housekeeping, Preventive
Measures and Dental care. Problems occurring in particular stage included the
following :
stage 1 : Prevention of Accident
Stage 2 : Preventive Vaccination, Family Planning.
Stage 3 : Preventive Vaccination, Maternal Health, Family Planning, Health of
Infant and Preschooler.
Stage 2 : Preventive Vaccination, Family Planning, Health of School Children.
2) The intensity of the nursing need in the area of Acute and Chronic Diseases
was generally of moderate degree or above irrespective of moderate degree or adove
irrespective of developmental stage except for stage 1.
Other areas of need listed as moderate or above were found in the following
stage 1 : Maternal Health
stage 3 : Housing and Sanitation, Prevention of Accident.
stage 4 : Housing and Sanitation
stage 5 : Housing and Sanitation, Diagnostic and Medical Care
stage 6 : Diagnostic and Medical care
stage 7 : Diagnostic and Medical Care, Housekeeping.
stage 8 : Housing and Sanitation, Prevention of Accident, Diagnostic and Medical
care Eating Patterns, Housekeeping.
3) Areas of need with moderate problem solving ability or less were as follows :
stage 1 : Diagnostic and Medical Care, Maternal Health.
stage 2 : Prevention of Accident, Acute and Chronic Dioease, Dental Care.
stage 3 : Housing and Sanitation, Acute and Chronic Dioease, Diagnostic and
Medical care, Preventive Measure, Dental Care, Maternal Health, Health of Infant
and Preschooler, Eating Patterns.
stage 4 : Housing and Sanitation, Prevention of Accident, Diagnostic and Medical
Care, Preventive Measure, Dental Care, Maternal Health, Health of New Born, Health
of Infant and Preschooler, Health of school Children, Eating Patterns,
Housekeeping.
stage 5 : Housing and Sanitation, Prevention of Accident, Acute and Chronic
Dioease, Diagnostic and Medical care, Preventive Measure, Dental Care, Preventive
Vaccination, Maternal Health, Eating Patterns.
stage 7,8 : Housing and Sanitation, Prevention of Accident, Acute and Chronic
Dioease, Diagnostic and Medical care, Preventive Measure, Dental Care, Preventive
Vaccination, Eating Patterns, Housekeeping.
C. Problem occurance, the degree of nuring need and the dergree of problem
solving ability in nursing need areas for the family as a whole were as follows :
1) The higher the stage (except stage 1), the lower the rate of problem
occurance.
2) The higher the stage becomes, the lower the intensity of the nursing need
becomes.
3) The higher the stage (except stage 7 and 8), the higher the problem solving
ability.
Conclusions ;
1) When the nuring care plan for the family is drawn up, depending upon the stage
of family development, higher priority should be give to the nursing need areas ①
at which problems were shown moderate degree and ② where the nursing need is shown
to be adove moderate dergee and ③ where the problem solving ability was shown to
be of moderate degree.
2) The priority of the nursing service should be placed ① not on those families
in the high developmental stage but on those family in the low developmental stage
② and on those areas of need shown in stage 7 and 8 where the dergee of nursing
need was high and the ability to cope low.
[영문]
The Community Health Service considers the family as a service unit and places the emphasis of its service on the health problems and the nursing needs of the family rather than the individual.
From the conceptual point of view that the community health service is both health maintenance and health promotion, of the family, the community health nurse should have a knowledge of the growth and development of the family and be responsible for the comprehensive support of normal family development. The
communtity health nurse often is in a position to make a real contribution to normal family development.
In order to investigate the relationship between the areas of nursing need and family need and family development, the following objectives were established.
1. To discover the general characteristics of the study population by the stage of family development.
2. To discover specific nursing needs in relation to the family developmental stage, and to determine the intensity of the nursing needs and the ability of the family to cope with these needs.
3. To discover overall family health nursing problems in relation to the family developmenal stage and determine the intensity of the nursing need and the problem solving ability of the family.
Definitions
The family developmental stage as classified by Duvall were used.
stage 1. Narried couples (without children)
stage 2. Childbearing Families (oldest chily birth to 30 months of age)
stage 3. Families with preschool children (oldest child 2½ to 6 years)
stage 4. Families with schoolchildren (oldest child 6 to 13 years)
stage 5. Families with teenagers (oldest child 13 to 20 years)
stage 6. Families as launching centers (first child gone to last child's leaving home)
stage 7. Middle-aged parents (empty nest to retirement)
stage 8. Aging family members (retirement to death of both spouses)
The areas of nuring need were defined as those used in the study, "A Comprehensive Study", by the Nursing Research Institute and Center for Population and Family Planning, July 1974.
The study population defined and selected were 260 nuclear family in two myun of Kang Hwa Island.
Percent, mean value and F-test were utilized in the statistical analysis of the study results.
Findings :
A. General characteristics of the study population by the family developmental stage
1) The study population was distributed by the family developmental stage as follows :
stage 1 : 3 families
stage 2 : 13 families
stage 3 : 24 families
stage 4 : 41 families
stage 5 : 50 families
stage 6 : 106 families
stage 7 : 13 families
stage 8 : 10 families
2) Most families had 4 or 5 members except for those in stages 1, 7, and 8.
3) The parents' present age was older in the higher developmental stages and their age at marriage was also younger in the higher developmental stages.
4) The educational level of parents was primarily less than elementary school irrespective of the developmental stages.
5) More than half of the parents' occupations were listed as lahorers irrespective of the developmental stages.
6) More than half of the parents were athiests irrespective of the developmental stages.
7) The higher the developmental stages (from stage 2 to stage 6), the wider the distribution of children's ages.
8) More than half of the families were of midde or lower socio-economic level.
B. Problems in specific areas of family developmental stage, the inbensity of nursing need and the problem solving ability of the family :
1) As whole, many problems, irrespective of the developmental stage, occurred in the areas of Housing and Sanitation, Eating Patterns, Housekeeping, Preventive Measures and Dental care. Problems occurring in particular stage included the following :
stage 1 : Prevention of Accident
Stage 2 : Preventive Vaccination, Family Planning.
Stage 3 : Preventive Vaccination, Maternal Health, Family Planning, Health of Infant and Preschooler.
Stage 2 : Preventive Vaccination, Family Planning, Health of School Children.
2) The intensity of the nursing need in the area of Acute and Chronic Diseases was generally of moderate degree or above irrespective of moderate degree or adove irrespective of developmental stage except for stage 1.
Other areas of need listed as moderate or above were found in the following
stage 1 : Maternal Health
stage 3 : Housing and Sanitation, Prevention of Accident.
stage 4 : Housing and Sanitation
stage 5 : Housing and Sanitation, Diagnostic and Medical Care
stage 6 : Diagnostic and Medical care
stage 7 : Diagnostic and Medical Care, Housekeeping.
stage 8 : Housing and Sanitation, Prevention of Accident, Diagnostic and Medical care Eating Patterns, Housekeeping.
3) Areas of need with moderate problem solving ability or less were as follows :
stage 1 : Diagnostic and Medical Care, Maternal Health.
stage 2 : Prevention of Accident, Acute and Chronic Dioease, Dental Care.
stage 3 : Housing and Sanitation, Acute and Chronic Dioease, Diagnostic and Medical care, Preventive Measure, Dental Care, Maternal Health, Health of Infant and Preschooler, Eating Patterns.
stage 4 : Housing and Sanitation, Prevention of Accident, Diagnostic and Medical Care, Preventive Measure, Dental Care, Maternal Health, Health of New Born, Health of Infant and Preschooler, Health of school Children, Eating Patterns,
Housekeeping.
stage 5 : Housing and Sanitation, Prevention of Accident, Acute and Chronic Dioease, Diagnostic and Medical care, Preventive Measure, Dental Care, Preventive Vaccination, Maternal Health, Eating Patterns.
stage 7,8 : Housing and Sanitation, Prevention of Accident, Acute and Chronic Dioease, Diagnostic and Medical care, Preventive Measure, Dental Care, Preventive Vaccination, Eating Patterns, Housekeeping.
C. Problem occurance, the degree of nuring need and the dergree of problem solving ability in nursing need areas for the family as a whole were as follows :
1) The higher the stage (except stage 1), the lower the rate of problem occurance.
2) The higher the stage becomes, the lower the intensity of the nursing need becomes.
3) The higher the stage (except stage 7 and 8), the higher the problem solving ability.
Conclusions ;
1) When the nuring care plan for the family is drawn up, depending upon the stage of family development, higher priority should be give to the nursing need areas ① at which problems were shown moderate degree and ② where the nursing need is shown
to be adove moderate dergee and ③ where the problem solving ability was shown to be of moderate degree.
2) The priority of the nursing service should be placed ① not on those families in the high developmental stage but on those family in the low developmental stage ② and on those areas of need shown in stage 7 and 8 where the dergee of nursing need was high and the ability to cope low.