백서(白鼠)에 있어서 진동 stress로 인한 위점막 변화에 관한 실험 : 조직학적 변화와 cortisone 및 ACTH의 영향

Abstract

[한글]

[영문]

Singer(1913) first produced lesion in the rumen(forestomach) of rats by feeding

with bread mixed with wood sawings. Hereafter, a number of workers produced lesion

in the rumen by various methods.

Sharpless(1937, 1940) also produced lesions in the rumen of the rats by feeding

with low protein diet. He described that the early lesion was characterized by a

greatly thickened squamous epithelial layer that the thickning was accompanied by

papilloma formation at the surface and hypertrophy of the papillae at the base,

that ulceration of the epithelium might occur and the ulcer was usually superficial

and that metastases of the lesion had never been found.

On the other hand, Shay et al.(1945) produced ulcers of forestomach in rats by

ligation of the pylorus. The rat was fasted for 48 to 72 hours, and then pylorus

was ligated for 16 to 18 hours.

Later Robert and Nezamis(1964) produced the same ulcers of forestomach without

ligation of pylorus but only by fasting of the rat for four days.

Levrat and Lambert(1959) produced ulceration in the glandular portion by shaking

stress and intermittent photic stimulation. But Lee(1964), Moon(1964) and

Park(1967) produced lesions of the forestomach by shaking stress by without photic

stimulation. They fed the rats on the diet of biologically low protein diet. Kim

and Lambooy(1967) produced ulceration in the glandular portion by shaking stress

but they fed the rats on riboflavin deficient died.

The purpose of this experiment is to investigate the effect of ACTH and cortisone

on the production of lesions in the rumen of rats fed on rice diet. The lesions of

the forestomach was investigated in detail microscopically and esophagus was also

investigated microscopically.

Materials and Methods

Apparently healthy male young albino rats were fed on rice diet from 10 to 15

days earlier from the beginning of the experiment. Then the rats were divided into

two groups.

To the experimental groups cortisone and ACTH was intraperitoneally injected

everyday and other group was used as control given the same amount of normal saline

solution. The rats were shaken 4 hours daily according to the method of Moon(1964).

The rats were shaken with frequency of 180 per minute on the first day, and

thereafter the frequency increased 20 per minute everyday until the frequency

reached to 260 per minute. The shaking stress continued for 7 days. Then the rats

were sacrificed and the stomach was examined macroscopically and histologically.

Also the esophagus was examined microscopically.

Result

Observations of the Stomach

1. The experiment given 1.5mg of cortisone.

a. Macroscopic findings:

In the control groups, 4 of 8 rats produced the forestomach ulcerations and in

the experimental groups, 3 of 8 rats. The slight edema was found around the

ulceration accompanying cellular hypertrophy(Table 5).

b. Histological findings:

In the control groups, severe histological changes were found in the gastric

mucosa: remarkable proliferation and cornification of the epithelial layer occurred

around the ulcerations, and the inflammatory lamina propria was characterized with

infiltration of neutrophile and eosinophile leucocytes.

The lamina muscularis mucosae and submucosa just below the ulceration revealed

extensive edematous infiltrations of the white blood cells.

In the experimental groups, epithelial proliferation and cornification were not

easily observed. The ulceration sites which filled with tissue exudates, were often

found. NO severe edematous figures were observed in the lamina propria, but the

infiltrations of the eosinophile and neutophile leucocytes occured as the control

groups. The lamina mucsularis mucosae was similar to that of the control group. The

submucosa also revealed weaker inflammatory changes than that of the control group.

The 3 cases of esophageal ulcerations in this experimental group were found.

2. The experiment given 3.0mg of cortisone:

a. Macroscopic findings:

In the control groups, 6 of 8 rats produced the forestomach ulcerations, which

diameters were about 3mm. It is characterized by 2 cases of colonied ulcerations

formed of 7 or 8 and sever edematous, hypertrophied, and cornified figures were

also found.

b. Histological findings:

In the control groups, changes were gernerally similar to those of the 1st

experiment: epithelial layer accompanying remarkable cornification and cell

proliferations, the lamina propria infiltrated with eosinophiles and neutrophiles.

Besides these, dilations of the venules and blood capillaries were noticeable. The

white cell infiltration of the lamina muscularis mucosae just below the ulceration

site was similar to that of the lamina propria and the submucous layer also

revealed the same vascular changes as the lamina propria.

In the experimental groups, slight cornification and proliferation occurred in

the epithelial layer and also scarce infiltration of the white cells occurred in

the lamina propria. The lamina muscularis mucosse just below the ulceration site

was similar to that the control group.

3. The experiment given 6.0mg of cortisone:

a. Macroscopic findings:

In the control groups, 3 of ulceration in 8 rats occurred. In the experimental

groups, one of ulceration in 7 rats occurred except one expired case. No colonied

ulcerations were observed. However, most of the ulcerations were large, remarkable

and which boundaries were more than 3mm in diameter. The glandular ulcerations

which has not been found before occurred in 2 cases of these experiments were

observed, although their macroscopic changes were slight.

b. Histological findings:

In the control groups, the epithelial layer revealed slight cornification and

proliferation. But the lamina propria revealed moderate degree of edematous

changes, slight connective tissue proliferations, and the white cell infiltrations.

Some congestion figures of the venules and blood capillaries were observed in the

lamina propria. The white cell infiltrations also occurred in the lamina muscularis

mucosae underlying the ulceration as the lamina propria. Severe infiltrations of

the white cells were found in the submucosa and slight congestions of the vessels

were also found.

In the experimental groups, the ulceration changes were similar to those of the

control groups.

In this experiment one case of the esophageal ulceration occurred.

4. The experiment given 3.0 IU of ACTH:

a. Macroscopic findings:

In the control groups, 2 of the 7 rats revealed the ulcerations. In the

experimental groups, no ulcerations were found. The changes by the gastric ulcer

were slight.

b. Histological findings:

In the control groups, the epithelial layer revealed slight or moderate degree of

cornification and proliferation accompanying inflammatory changes and infiltrations

of a number of the neutrophiles and small amount of the eosinophiles. Moderate or

sever edematous changes, infiltrations of many neutrophiles, small amount of

eosinophiles and lymphocytes were found in the lamina propria. Remarkable dilation

of the venules and congestions of the blood capillaries were also easily found. The

lamina muscularis mucosae also revealed infiltration of the neutrophile leucocytes.

Sever infiltrations of a number of the neutrophiles and small amount of the

eosinophiles, and congestions of the capillaries and proliferation figures of the

connective tissues occurred in the submucosa. In the experimental groups, no

remarkable histological changes were found and all of the gastric layers were

identified to be those of the normal.

5. The experiment given 6.0 IU pf ACTH:

a. Macroscopic findings:

In the control groups, the ulcerations occurred in 3 of the 7 rats. In the

experimetntal groups, only one case occurred. The ulceration changes were more

remarkable in the control group than in the experimental one.

b. Histological findings:

In the control groups, the epithelial layer with a ulceration site accompanied

slight proliferation and cornification. Some infiltration figure of the neutrophile

leucocytes was found around the gastric ulcerfilled withe substances to be

considered as connective tissues. In the lamina propria, moderate edematous

changes, and infiltrations of numbers of eosinophiles and small amount of the

neutrophiles were observed. The lamina muscularis mucosae just below the ulceration

site revealed slight degree of the white cell infiltrations. A number of

eosinophiles leucocytes were infiltrated into the submucosa. In the experimental

groups, all of histological findings were similar to those of the control groups,

and which changes were very slight.

Observations of the Esophagus.

As the histological structures of the epithelium in the esophagus were similar to

those of the forestomach, the similar observation method was applied also in the

esophagus.

In the esophagus, 4 cases of 54 experiments revealed the esophageal ulcerations

and were histologically confirmed. Generally the ulcers found in the esophagus

appeared only in the epithelial layers, and were characterized by hemorrhage and

erosion. The epithelial layers around the esophageal ulcerations revealed slight

proliferative and cornified changes. But the lamina propria around the ulcer and

the submucosa just below the ulcer revealed little immflammatory changes as those

of the forestomach ulcerations.

Summary

The pathological changes of the forestomach produced by shaking stress in albino

rats fed on low protein diet and those rats pre-treated with cortisone or ACTH

prior to shaking stress were investigated macroscopically and histologically. The

following results were obtained in this study.

1. The lesions of the forestomach produced by shaking stress were accompanied by

edema, hyperplasia, and cornification of the gastric mucosa.

2. The pathological changes of the forestomach observed in rats treated with

cortisone or ACTH prior to shaking stress were less severe than those in rats

pre-treated with only shaking stress.

3. Ulceration was also observed in the esophagus where inflammatory changes were

slighter than those of the forestomach.

Summarizing the above results, the lesions of the forestomach in albino rats fed

on low protein diet were produced by shaking stress. It is likely that cortisone or

ACTH act more or less as inhibiting agents to gastric ulceration of albino rats.